2327 aerial46 Aerial view of severe defoliation Eastern spruce budworm 123 "Aerial view of severe defoliation, Liard R., July 89" PFC FHN CFS 0 1914 annosus Distribution map Heterobasidion annosum Annosus root disease 33 Distribution of annosus root disease in B.C. MOF 0 [DRN] 1915 bhbw Distribution map Acleris gloverana Western blackheaded budworm 66 Distribution of blackheaded budworm in B.C. MOF 0 [IDH] 1916 blackstain Distribution map - Fd type Leptographum wagneri Blackstain root disease - DF type 40 Distribution of blackstain root disease (DF type) in B.C. MOF 0 [DRB] 1917 blackstain_Pl Distribution map - Pl type Leptographum wagneri Blackstain root disease (Pl type) 40 Distribution of blackstain root disease (Pl type) in B.C. MOF 0 [DRB] 1904 branch_01 WBBB entrance hole Dryocoetes confusus Western Balsam Bark Beetle 50 Entrance hole showing pitch streaming and resinous frass """T. Ebata, MOF""" 0 [IBB] 1905 branch_02 Red and Grey WBBB damage Dryocoetes confusus Western balsam bark beetle 50 """Red and grey attacked subalpine fir, Hudsons Bay Mtn, Smithers""" """T. Ebata, MOF""" 0 [IBB] 1906 branch_03 Aerial view of WBBB damage Dryocoetes confusus Western balsam bark beetle 50 """Aerial view of extensive balsam bark beetle kill, Mackenzie""" """T. Ebata, MOF""" 0 [IBB] 1907 branch_04 Aerial view of WBBB kill Dryoceotes confusus Western balsam bark beetle 50 """Tree-top view of extensive red and grey WBBB killed Bl, Mackenzie""" """T. Ebata, MOF""" 0 [IBB] 1908 branch_05 2 yr cycle budworm damage Choristoneura biennis Two-yr cycle budworm 94 """Extensive 2 yr cycle budworm killed spruce and balsam, Mackenzie""" """T. Ebata, MOF""" 0 [ID] 1909 branch_06 2 yr cycle budworm kill Choristoneura biennis Two-yr cycle budworm 94 """Extensive 2 yr cycle budworm kill in several drainages, Mackenzie""" """T. Ebata, MOF""" 0 [ID] 1910 branch_07 Crown symptom 2 yr budworm Choristoneura biennis Two-yr cycle budworm 94 """Defoliated spuce crowns, Mackenzie""" """T. Ebata, MOF""" 0 [ID] 9999 Branch08 Sitka spruce damaged by beaver Castor canadensis Beaver 160 "Pole sized Sitka spruce felled by beaver, Kitimat Valley" T. Ebata MOF 0 986 CFR1_02 Aerial shot Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB aerial shot of extensive infestations CFR 0 [IBM] 987 CFR1_03 MPB aerial shot Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB aerial shot of extensive infestations CFR 0 [IBM] 988 CFR1_04 Reds & greys Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB aerial shot of extensive infestations reds & greys CFR 0 [IBM] 990 CFR1_06 MPB provincial hazard map Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle MPB provincial hazard map CFR 0 [IBM] 991 CFR1_07 MPB infested areas Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle MPB infested areas and northern range CFR 0 [IBM] 992 CFR1_08 MPB adult taking off Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB adult taking off copy 0 [IBM] 994 CFR1_10 MPB adult entering tree Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB adult entering tree CFR 0 [IBM] 995 CFR1_11 MPB close-up of adult's underside Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB close-up of adult's underside in egg gallery copy 0 [IBM] 996 CFR1_12 MPB adults creating egg galleries Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB adults creating egg galleries copy 0 [IBM] 997 CFR1_13 MPB close-up of eggs in egg gallery Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB close-up of eggs in egg gallery copy 0 [IBM] 998 CFR1_14 MPB 2nd instar larva Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB 2nd instar larva CFR 0 [IBM] 999 CFR1_15 MPB 4th instar larvae Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB 4th instar larvae copy 0 [IBM] 1002 CFR1_18 MPB pupae Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB pupae CFR 0 [IBM] 1004 CFR1_20 MPB close-up of teneral adults Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB close-up of teneral adults copy 0 [IBM] 1005 CFR1_21 MPB mature adult Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB mature adult CFR 0 [IBM] 1006 CFR1_22 MPB adult in hand Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB adult in hand (is worth two in the bush). CFR 0 [IBM] 1012 CFR1_28 MPB red attack from ground Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB red attack from ground CFR 0 [IBM] 1013 CFR1_29 MPB current attack - probe line Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB current attack - probe line CFR 0 [IBM] 1014 CFR1_30 MPB current attack Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB current attack - base of tree with frass CFR 0 [IBM] 1015 CFR1_31 MPB current attack - pitch tubes Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB current attack - pitch tubes CFR 0 [IBM] 1016 CFR1_32 Close-up of MPB pitch tube Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB current attack - pitch tube close-up CFR 0 [IBM] 1017 CFR1_33 MPB current attack - baited tree Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB current attack - baited tree CFR 0 [IBM] 1018 CFR1_34 bark chips from woodpeckers Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB current attack - bark chips from woodpeckers CFR 0 [IBM] 1019 CFR1_35 prober checking bark Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB current attack - prober checking bark CFR 0 [IBM] 1021 CFR1_37 MPB Pl bark showing exit holes Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB Pl bark showing exit holes CFR 0 1035 CFR1_51 Ips current attack frass at base Ips pini Pine Engraver 104 Ips current attack frass at base CFR 0 1039 CFR1_61 WBBB galleries Dryocoetes confusus Western Balsam Bark Beetle 50 WBBB galleries CFR 0 [IBB] 1043 CFR1_65 Close up of WBBB gallery Dryocoetes confusus Western Balsam Bark Beetle 50 Close up of WBBB gallery CFR 0 [IBB] 1049 CFR1_71 WSBW larva - 5th instar Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 WSBW larva - 5th instar CFR 0 [IDW] 1058 CFR1_80 WSBW light defoliation Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 WSBW light defoliation view from fixed wing CFR 0 [IDW] 1063 CFR1_85 DFTM close up of egg mass Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir Tussock Moth 55 DFTM close up of egg mass on white bkgd CFR 0 [IDT] 1066 CFR1_88 WHL larva on foliage close up Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 WHL larva on foliage close up CFR 0 [IDL] 1067 CFR1_89 WHL severe defoliation - aerial view Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 WHL severe defoliation - aerial view unknown 0 [IDL] 1068 CFR1_90 WHL adult pinned Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 WHL adult pinned unknown 0 [IDL] 1069 CFR1_91 WHL adult bodies in water Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 WHL adult bodies in water unknown 0 [IDL] 1070 CFR1_92 Pine needle sheathminer damage Zellaria haimachi Pine Needle Sheathminer 96 Pine needle sheathminer damage MOF 0 [IDI] 1071 CFR1_93 Pine needle sheathminer larva Zellaria haimachi Pine Needle Sheathminer 96 Pine needle sheathminer larva on Pl branch tip CFR 0 [IDI] 1072 CFR1_94 Pl terminal weevil - dead leader Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil - dead leader CFR 0 [IWP] 1074 CFR1_96 MPB baited tree unattacked Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB baited tree unattacked CFR 0 [IBM] 1075 CFR1_97 MPB aerial shot of spot infestations Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 MPB aerial shot of spot infestations CFR 0 [IBM] 1083 CFR2_07 Aerial view of red and grey attack Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 Chilko Lk MPB infestation - aerial view of red and grey attack CFR 0 [IBM] 1098 CFR2_27 Prober cutting into bark of Fd Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir Beetle 52 Prober cutting into bark of Fd CFR 0 [IBD] 1099 CFR2_28 Close up of tent caterpillar swarm Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Close up of tent caterpillar swarm CFR 0 [IDF] 1100 CFR2_29 Mass of tent caterpillars Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Mass of tent caterpillars at base of tree CFR 0 [IDF] 1101 CFR2_30 Close-up of tent caterpillars Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Close-up of tent caterpillars on branch tip CFR 0 [IDF] 1102 CFR2_31 Tent caterpillars on branch tip Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Close-up of tent caterpillars on branch tip in tent CFR 0 [IDF] 1103 CFR2_32 Adult and larva pinned tent caterpillar Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Adult and larva pinned tent caterpillar CFR 0 [IDF] 1104 CFR2_33 Severely defoliated aspen Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Severely defoliated aspen by tent caterpillar CFR 0 [IDF] 1114 CFR2_52 Cross section of stump Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 cross section of stump CFR 0 1133 CFR2_71 Boring dust at base of Pl Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 Boring dust at base of Pl CFR 0 [IBM] 1141 CFR2_79 Spruce weevil current attack Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Spruce weevil current attack shephard's crook CFR 0 [IWS] 1143 CFR2_81 Plantation with many attacks Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil - plantation with many attacks CFR 0 [IWP] 1144 CFR2_82 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil CFR 0 [IWP] 1146 CFR2_84 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil crook Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil crook CFR 0 [IWP] 1147 CFR2_85 leader x-section with larva Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil - leader x-section with larva CFR 0 [IWP] 1148 CFR2_86 Leader x-section with pupa Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Lodgepole pine terminal weevil - leader x-section with pupa CFR 0 [IWP] 1149 CFR2_87 Adult on leader - close up Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Spruce weevil adult on leader - close up CFR 0 [IWS] 1152 CFR2_92 Dipteran weevil larval predator Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Lonchea corticalus - Spruce weevil larval predator unknown 0 [IWS] 1153 CFR2_93 Spruce weevil larval predator Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Lonchea corticalus - Spruce weevil larval predator unknown 0 [IWS] 1162 CFR3_02 Close up of leader being clipped Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Close up of leader being clipped CFR 0 [IWS] 1164 CFR3_04 Crook caused by spruce weevil Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Crook caused by spruce weevil CFR 0 [IWS] 1180 CFR3_21 Spruce weevil larvae in chip cocoons Pissodes strobi White pine weevil Spruce weevil larvae in chip cocoons CFR 0 [IWS] 1183 CFR3_26 Ichneumonid parasite Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Ichneumonid parasite adult of spruce weevil CFR 0 [IWS] 1185 CFR3_28 Root collar feeding of young Pl Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Root collar feeding of young lodgepole pine by Warrens collar weevil CFR 0 [IWW] 1186 CFR3_29 Root collar feeding of immature Pl Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Warrens collar weevil feeding of young lodgepole pine root collar CFR 0 [IWW] 1187 CFR3_30 IWW grub in pitch / soil nodule Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Grub in pitch / soil nodule CFR 0 [IWW] 1188 CFR3_31 IWW grub in gallery on root collar Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Grub in gallery on root collar CFR 0 [IWW] 1189 CFR3_32 Dead Pl regen killed by IWW Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Dead lodgepole pine regeneration killed by Warrens collar weevil CFR 0 [IWW] 1191 CFR3_34 Dying Pl regen due to IWW Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Dying lodgepole pine regeneration due to Warrens collar weevil CFR 0 [IWW] 1194 CFR3_37 Pupa in pitch chamber Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Close-up of Warrens collar weevil pupa in pitch chamber CFR 0 [IWW] 1196 CFR3_39 Close-up of Ips adult Ips pini Pine Engraver 104 Close-up of Ips adult CFR 0 [IWW] 1199 CFR3_44 Post-spacing mortality by Ips beetles Ips pini Pine Engraver 104 Post-spacing mortality by Ips beetles CFR 0 [IBI] 1200 CFR3_45 Galleries of Ips Ips pini Pine Engraver 104 Galleries of Ips CFR 0 [IBI] 1201 CFR3_46 Ips breeding ground Ips pini Pine Engraver 104 Larger diameter PCT slash = Ips breeding ground CFR 0 [IBI] 1202 CFR3_47 Woodpecker feeding Ips pini Pine Engraver 104 Woodpecker feeding showing Ips infested trees in PCT CFR 0 [IBI] 1205 CFR3_50 Pitch moth nodule Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Pitch moth nodule cut open to expose gallery CFR 0 [ISQ] 1206 CFR3_51 Pitch moth nodules (2) on Pl whorl Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Pitch moth nodules (2) on Pl whorl CFR 0 [ISQ] 1207 CFR3_52 Pitch moth nodule on young Pl Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Pitch moth nodule on young Pl CFR 0 [ISQ] 1209 CFR3_54 Winter scene of stem damage Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Winter scene of stem damage caused by ISP CFR 0 [ISQ] 1211 CFR3_56 Black army cutworm on seedling Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Black army cutworm on seedling (copy) CFS 0 [IDA] 1213 CFR3_58 """army"" of Black army cutworm larvae" Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Forest floor covered with cutworm larvae (copy) CFS 0 [IDA] 1214 CFR3_59 Black army cutworm pupae Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Black army cutworm pupae in soil (copy) CFS 0 [IDA] 1217 CFR3_62 Rock covered with cutworm larvae Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Person holding rock covered with cutworm larvae CFR 0 [IDA] 1218 CFR3_63 Sx seedling completely covered Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Sx seedling completely covered in cutworm caterpillars CFR 0 [IDA] 1231 CFR3_76 Armillaria rhizomorph Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria Root Disease 34 person holding Armillaria rhizomorph in hand (copy) 0 [DRA] 1234 CFR3_79 Dead seedling Rhizina undulata Rhizina Root Disease 39 Dead seedling killed by Rhizina undulata CFS 0 [DRR] 1235 CFR3_80 Pl regen killed by vole feeding Microtus sp. Vole 70 Pl regen killed by vole feeding CFR 0 [AV] 1236 CFR3_81 Porcupine feeding on pole stage Hw Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 porcupine feeding on pole stage Hw CFR 0 [AP] 1242 CFR3_87 Larch dwarf mistletoe infected western larch Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Larch dwarf mistletoe infected western larch MOF 0 [DML] 1246 CFR3_91 Distinctive pitting Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus Root Disease 37 Broken root showing distinctive pitting of tomentosus root rot CFR 0 [DRT] 1912 dfb Distribution map Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Distribution of Douglas-fir beetle in B.C. MOF 0 [IBD] 1918 dfdmt Distribution map Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe 42 Distribution of Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe in B.C. MOF 0 [DMF] 1919 dftm Distribution map Orgyia psuedotsugata Douglas-fir tussock moth 55 Distribution of Douglas-fir tussock moth in B.C. MOF 0 [IDT] 1920 dra Distribution map Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Distribution of armillaria root disease in B.C. MOF 0 [DRA] 1921 drl Distribution map Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Distribution of laminated root rot MOF 0 [DRL] 1922 drt Distribution map Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Distribution of tomentosus root rot in B.C. MOF 0 [DRT] 1923 esbw Distribution map Choristoneura fumiferana Eastern spruce budworm 123 Distribution of eastern spruce budworm in B.C. MOF 0 [ID] 1929 Fig1 Adult western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 Western spruce budworm adult D. Manastyrski 0 1938 Fig10 Bud moth larvae Bud moth 164 Bud moth larvae on larch needle clusters. Body colour varies. PFC FHN CFS 0 2028 Fig100 Pitch tubes on the lower bole Dendroctonus murryana Lodepole Pine Beetle 109 Lodgepole pine beetle pitch tubes on the lower bole of an attacked tree. PFC FHN CFS 0 2029 Fig101 Pseudohylesinus spp. adult in gallery Pseudohylesinus Pseudohylesinus 110 Pseudohylesinus spp. adult in gallery. R Hodgkinson MOF 0 2031 Fig103 Larva feeding within spruce leader. Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Larva feeding within spruce leader. A. Dawson CFS 0 2032 Fig104 Frass plugs Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Frass plugs along leader indicate egg laying. A. Dawson CFS 0 2035 Fig107 Exit holes made by emerging adult Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Exit holes made by emerging adult. M. Gardinar AgCan 0 2036 Fig108 Yellowish-white larva mining leader Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Yellowish-white larva mining leader of lodgepole pine. E. Chattelle CFS 0 2037 Fig109 Pupa within mined terminal. Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Pupa within mined terminal. PFC FHN CFS 0 1939 Fig11 Damage to larch needle cluster. Bud moth 164 Bud moth feeding damage to larch needle cluster. K Finck CFS 0 2038 Fig110 Killed and discoloured leader Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Killed and discoloured lodgepole pine leader due to attack. Only current year's growth is destroyed. PFC FHN CFS 0 2039 Fig111 Fork Pissodes terminalis Lodgepole pine terminal weevil 61 Fork defect caused by attack. Note the dead stub at the base of the fork. L Maclauchlan MOF 0 2040 Fig112 Larvae are large and creamy white. Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Larvae are large and creamy white. PFC FHN CFS 0 2041 Fig113 Adult. Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Adult. PFC FHN CFS 0 2042 Fig114 Typical damage Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Typical damage to root collar and roots. J McLean UBC 0 2044 Fig116 Yosemite bark weevil. Yosemite bark weevi 111 Yosemite bark weevil. D. Manastyrski 0 2045 Fig117 Lower bole and root attack Yosemite bark weevi 111 Lower bole and root attack of lodgepole pine by the Yosemite bark weevil. Note the distinctive chip cocoons L Maclauchlan MOF 0 2046 Fig118 Adult. Note rough texture and colour. Douglas-fir beetle 53 Adult. Note rough texture and colour. PFC FHN CFS 0 2047 Fig119 Seedling completely girdled. Douglas-fir beetle 53 Seedling completely girdled. PFC FHN CFS 0 1940 Fig12 Bud moth attack on true fir Bud moth 164 Bud moth attack on true fir showing resultant leader damage. PFC FHN CFS 0 2048 Fig120 Sections of bark removed from stem. Douglas-fir beetle 53 Sections of bark removed from stem. PFC FHN CFS 0 2049 Fig121 Pitch mass Sequoia pitch moth 112 Pitch mass indicating entrance and feeding site. Hagle 1987 0 2050 Fig122 Larva within the pitch mass. Sequoia pitch moth 112 Larva within the pitch mass. Hagle 1987 0 2051 Fig123 Larvae feed singly within a nodule Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Northern pitch twig moth larvae feed singly within a nodule. PFC FHN CFS 0 2052 Fig124 Girdling Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Girdling by northern pitch twig moth larva. J McLean UBC 0 2053 Fig125 Breakage and deformity Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Breakage and deformity caused by northern pitch twig moth attack. PFC FHN CFS 0 2054 Fig126 Feeding occurs near branch junctions. Petrova albicapitana Northern Pitch Nodule Maker 63 Northern pitch twig moth feeding often occurs near branch junctions. Trees are subsequently deformed and weakened. PFC FHN CFS 0 2055 Fig127 Maggots within branch swellings. Gouty pitch midge 113 Maggots within branch swellings. Hagle 1987 0 2056 Fig128 Gouty pitch midge leader damage. Gouty pitch midge 113 Gouty pitch midge leader damage. J Holt 0 1941 Fig13 Frass on bud Bud moth 164 Frass on bud indicates bud moth feeding. Note retention of bud cap NE Alexander 0 2058 Fig130 Resinosis. Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Resinosis. This symptom is common around the lower bole. D Morrison CFS 0 2059 Fig131 Typical crown symptoms Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Typical crown symptoms of an immature tree. D Morrison CFS 0 2060 Fig132 Mycelial fans Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Mycelial fans develop between bark and outer wood. D Morrison CFS 0 2061 Fig133 Thin chlorotic crown Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Thin chlorotic crown of immature Douglas-fir. K. Finck CFS 0 2062 Fig134 Crusty mycelia on surface of bark Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Crusty mycelia on surface of bark. Colour varies from white to mauve. E. Chatelle CFS 0 2063 Fig135 Advanced decay Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Advanced decay characterized by delamination along annual rings. E. Allen CFS 0 2064 Fig136 Canoe-shaped pits. Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Canoe-shaped pits. G Reynolds CFS 0 1942 Fig14 Distinctive mature larva Orgyia psuedotsugata Douglas-fir tussock moth 55 Distinctive mature larva of Douglas-fir tussock moth. NE Alexander 0 2070 Fig142 Butt rot Heterobasidion annosum Annosus root disease 33 Butt rot. Note colour of incipient decay. D Morrison CFS 0 2071 Fig143 Resupinate conk of annosus Heterobasidion annosum Annosus root disease 33 """Resupinate conk of annosus root rot. Fruiting bodies of this disease exhibit small, irregular pores.""" E. Chattelle CFS 0 2072 Fig144 Advanced decay symptoms. Heterobasidion annosum Annosus root disease 33 Advanced decay symptoms. Black flecks and stringy appearance are distinguishing features. D Morrison CFS 0 2073 Fig145 Thin chlorotic crowns Leptographum wagneri Blackstain root disease (Pl type) 40 Thin chlorotic crowns of infected Douglas-fir. G Reynolds CFS 0 2074 Fig146 Crown symptoms Leptographum wagneri Blackstain root disease (Pl type) 40 Crown symptoms of lodgepole pine during advanced stage of infection. PFC FHN CFS 0 2075 Fig147 Black stain typical of infected sapwood. Leptographum wagneri Blackstain root disease (Pl type) 40 Black stain typical of infected sapwood. K. Finck CFS 0 2077 Fig149 Dying seedling infected. Rhizina undulata Rhizina Root Disease 39 Dying seedling infected. Old fruiting structures are darker in colour. PFC FHN CFS 0 1943 Fig15 Often defoliates upper third of crown first Orgyia psuedotsugata Douglas-fir tussock moth 55 Douglas-fir tussock moth often defoliates upper third of crown first. NE Alexander 0 2078 Fig150 Aerial shoots. 45 Aerial shoots. PFC FHN CFS 0 2079 Fig151 Aerial shoots showing green berries 45 "Aerial shoots showing green berries, each of which contains a sticky seed." NE Alexander 0 2080 Fig152 Pl on the left is severely infected. 45 Lodgepole pine on the left is severely infected. Compare distorted crown (left) with healthy crown (right). PFC FHN CFS 0 2081 Fig153 Aerial shoots Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Aerial shoots. Note spindle-shaped branch swelling. NE Alexander 0 2082 Fig154 Swelling on bole Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Swelling on bole of western hemlock caused by dwarf mistletoe. R Smith CFS 0 2083 Fig155 Typical witches' brooms Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Typical witches' brooms resulting from prolonged infection. PFC FHN CFS 0 2084 Fig156 Basal cups Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Basal cups remain after aerial shoots have disintegrated. K. Finck CFS 0 2086 Fig158 Typical upright witches' brooms Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Typical upright witches' brooms PFC FHN CFS 0 2087 Fig159 Thin crown and deformity Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Infection showing thin crown and deformity. Tree vigour is greatly reduced. PFC FHN CFS 0 1944 Fig16 Silk webbing Orgyia psuedotsugata Douglas-fir tussock moth 55 Silk webbing produced in Douglas-fir tussock moth infestation. PFC FHN CFS 0 2091 Fig163 Diamond-shaped stem canker. 43 Diamond-shaped stem canker. PFC FHN CFS 0 2092 Fig164 Canker girdling host stem 43 """Canker girdling host stem. Note white blisters, which contain yellow-orange spores.""" E. Allen CFS 0 2093 Fig165 Rough bark and resin flow 43 Rough bark and resin flow are associated. Note swollen bark at canker margin. PFC FHN CFS 0 2094 Fig166 Blisters contain orange spore masses. 46 Blisters contain orange spore masses. Note stripped bark due to squirrel feeding. R. Erickson CFS 0 2095 Fig167 Elongated stem canker. 46 Elongated stem canker. PFC FHN CFS 0 2096 Fig168 Branch canker infection. 46 Branch canker infection. PFC FHN CFS 0 2097 Fig169 Infections on stems of young trees Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Infections on stems of young trees often result in hip cankers as the trees grow. Hagle 1987 0 1945 Fig17 Egg mass with young larvae emerging Orgyia psuedotsugata Douglas-fir tussock moth 55 Douglas-fir tussock moth egg mass with young larvae emerging. PFC FHN CFS 0 2098 Fig170 Symptoms resulting from complete girdling. Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Symptoms resulting from complete girdling. PFC FHN CFS 0 2099 Fig171 Lodgepole pine with multiple galls. Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Lodgepole pine with multiple galls. PFC FHN CFS 0 2100 Fig172 Old stem gall. Note rough surface of bark. Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Old stem gall. Note rough surface of bark. PFC FHN CFS 0 2101 Fig173 Yellowish-orange bark discolouration Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Yellowish-orange bark discolouration precedes formation of cankers. NE Alexander 0 2103 Fig175 "Rough, swollen bark" Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 """Infections are characterized by rough, swollen bark.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2104 Fig176 Developing canker Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 """Developing canker. Note shape, colour, and resin flow.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2105 Fig177 Top-killed white pine. Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Top-killed white pine. PFC FHN CFS 0 1946 Fig18 Mortality of western hemlock Neodiprion sp Conifer sawfly 67 Mortality of western hemlock caused by conifer sawfly. PFC FHN CFS 0 2109 Fig181 Girdling by Dermea canker Dermea psuedotsugae Dermea Canker 75 Douglas-fir killed due to girdling by Dermea canker. PFC FHN CFS 0 2110 Fig182 Sapling showing reddish discolouration of bark Dermea psuedotsugae Dermea Canker 75 Sapling showing reddish discolouration of bark. A. Funk CFS 0 2111 Fig183 Elliptical shape and sunken tissue Phomopsis lokoyae Phomopsis Canker 76 Elliptical shape and sunken tissue are typical. Note dead twig in centre of canker. A. Craigmyle CFS 0 2112 Fig184 Mortality due to complete stem girdling. Phomopsis lokoyae Phomopsis Canker 76 Mortality due to complete stem girdling. E. Chattelle CFS 0 2113 Fig185 Branch flagging is a typical symptom. Potebniamyces balsamicola Red Flag disease 77 Branch flagging is a typical symptom. A. Funk CFS 0 2114 Fig186 Cracked bark covering cankers. Potebniamyces balsamicola Red Flag disease 77 Cracked bark covering cankers. A. Funk CFS 0 2115 Fig187 Dead branches Scleraphoma spp Sydowia Tip Dieback 78 Dead branches of an infected immature Douglas-fir tree. A. Funk CFS 0 2116 Fig188 Healed stem canker. Scleraphoma spp Sydowia Tip Dieback 78 Healed stem canker. J Sullivan PFC 0 2117 Fig189 Black fruiting bodies Scleraphoma spp Sydowia Tip Dieback 78 Black fruiting bodies on necrotic bark surface (magnified). PFC FHN CFS 0 1947 Fig19 Larvae of conifer sawfly. Neodiprion sp Conifer sawfly 67 Larvae of conifer sawfly. PFC FHN CFS 0 2118 Fig190 Infected western redcedar branchlets. 81 Infected western redcedar branchlets. PFC FHN CFS 0 2119 Fig191 Holes left by fruiting bodies. 81 Holes left by fruiting bodies. PFC FHN CFS 0 2120 Fig192 Developing fruiting structures. 81 Developing fruiting structures. K. Finck CFS 0 2121 Fig193 Infection is restricted to new foliage. 82 Infection is restricted to new foliage. NE Alexander 0 2122 Fig194 White blisters on current year's needles 82 White blisters on current year's needles. Note chlorosis around blisters. NE Alexander 0 2123 Fig195 "Black, elongated fruiting bodies." 83 """Black, elongated fruiting bodies. Killed needles are retained.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2124 Fig196 Spruce needle cast 83 Spruce needle cast infection of previous year's growth. PFC FHN CFS 0 2125 Fig197 Branch dieback. Spruce needle cast 84 Branch dieback. Note shepherd's crook at tip. A. Funk CFS 0 2126 Fig198 Shepherd's crook Spruce needle cast 84 """Shepherd's crook. Note small, black fruiting bodies.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2127 Fig199 Needle discolouration 85 Needle discolouration produced by infection of older needles. Note spore-bearing white blisters. PFC FHN CFS 0 1930 Fig2 Damage to a Douglas-fir stand. Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 Western spruce budworm damage to a Douglas-fir stand. J. Holt 0 1948 Fig20 Older foliage is preferred Neodiprion sp Conifer sawfly 67 Older foliage is preferred PFC FHN CFS 0 2128 Fig200 Blisters develop on both sides of the needles. 85 Blisters develop on both sides of the needles. PFC FHN CFS 0 2129 Fig201 Upturned broom on ponderosa pine. Elytroderma disease 86 Upturned broom on ponderosa pine. NE Alexander 0 2130 Fig202 Lions' tails and dead foliage. Elytroderma disease 86 Lions' tails and dead foliage. PFC FHN CFS 0 2131 Fig203 Discoloured needles Elytroderma disease 86 """Discoloured needles and narrow, black fruiting bodies.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2132 Fig204 Ruptured needle Elytroderma disease 86 """Ruptured needle with black, elongated fruiting structure.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2133 Fig205 Thin discoloured crowns. Red band needle disease 87 Thin discoloured crowns. PFC FHN CFS 0 2134 Fig206 Black elliptical fruiting bodies Red band needle disease 87 Black elliptical fruiting bodies on ponderosa pine needles. PFC FHN CFS 0 2135 Fig207 Necrotic needle tips. Red band needle disease 87 Necrotic needle tips. PFC FHN CFS 0 2136 Fig208 Lion's tail appearance of infected tree. Pine needle cast 88 Lion's tail appearance of infected tree. R. Erickson CFS 0 2137 Fig209 Discoloured needles Pine needle cast 88 """Discoloured needles with indistinct fruiting bodies, note black spot fruiting bodies are caused by Hendersonia pinicola""" E. Allen CFS 0 1949 Fig21 Maturing larch sawfly larvae larch sawfly 95 Maturing larch sawfly larvae. Gregarious feeding is common. PFC FHN CFS 0 2138 Fig210 Discolouration and defoliation Douglas-fir needle cast 89 Discolouration and defoliation. PFC FHN CFS 0 2139 Fig211 Current needles do not show symptoms of infection. Douglas-fir needle cast 89 Current needles do not show symptoms of infection. PFC FHN CFS 0 2140 Fig212 Ruptured needle epidermis Douglas-fir needle cast 89 """Ruptured needle epidermis exposing brown, elongated fruiting body.""" A. Craigmyle CFS 0 2141 Fig213 Red discolouration of needles Douglas-fir needle cast 89 Red discolouration of needles due to infection of previous year. NE Alexander 0 2142 Fig214 Blisters containing white or yellow spores. 90 Blisters containing white or yellow spores. PFC FHN CFS 0 2143 Fig215 Current growth killed due to infection. 90 Current growth killed due to infection. PFC FHN CFS 0 2144 Fig216 Slightly chlorotic new growth. 91 Slightly chlorotic new growth. PFC FHN CFS 0 2145 Fig217 Uninfected needles 92 Uninfected needles remain attached after infected needles are shed on young larch. PFC FHN CFS 0 2146 Fig218 Discolouration of needles 92 Discolouration of needles. Initial infection is near middle or tip and fruiting bodies are not visible. PFC FHN CFS 0 2147 Fig219 Wilted reddish-brown needles 93 Wilted reddish-brown needles symptomatic of infection. PFC FHN CFS 0 1950 Fig22 Tip curl is an early symptom of larch larch sawfly 95 Tip curl is an early symptom of larch PFC FHN CFS 0 2148 Fig220 Necrotic needles 93 Necrotic needles. Note black fruiting bodies. PFC FHN CFS 0 2149 Fig221 Stand of affected western larch 93 Stand of affected western larch turning reddish-brown. R. Erickson CFS 0 2151 Fig223 "Typical short, yellow, infected needles" Melapsorella caryophyllacearum Fir Broom Rust 79 "Typical short, yellow, infected needles found on brooms." E. Chattelle CFS 0 2152 Fig224 Spore laden blisters Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Spruce broom rust 80 Needles infected showing small spore laden blisters. NE Alexander 0 2154 Fig226 Newly flushed buds killed Frost 116 Newly flushed buds killed by late spring frost. PFC FHN CFS 0 2155 Fig227 Frost crack extending up main stem. Frost 116 Frost crack extending up main stem. E. Chattelle CFS 0 2156 Fig228 Wilted necrotic needles Frost 116 Wilted necrotic needles resulting from late spring frost damage to recently flushed foliage. PFC FHN CFS 0 2157 Fig229 Seedling mortality caused by frost. Frost 116 Seedling mortality caused by frost. J Sullivan PFC 0 1951 Fig23 Severely defoliated larch larch sawfly 95 Severely defoliated larch due to larch sawfly infestation. PFC FHN CFS 0 2158 Fig230 Frost-injured tips Frost 116 Frost-injured tips initially turn yellow. Older damage is dark brown. PFC FHN CFS 0 2159 Fig231 Lesions on upper surface of branch. Hail 161 Hail-caused lesions on upper surface of branch. K. Finck CFS 0 2160 Fig232 Broken and bent stems snow 117 Broken and bent stems caused by heavy snow pack. PFC FHN CFS 0 2161 Fig233 Crown deformity and branch stripping snow 117 Crown deformity and branch stripping caused by snow or hail. PFC FHN CFS 0 2326 Fig233 Crown deformity and branch stripping Hail 161 Crown deformity and branch stripping caused by snow or hail. PFC FHN CFS 0 2162 Fig234 Typical bands of reddish-brown trees red belt 118 Typical bands of reddish-brown trees caused by red belt. J Holt 0 2163 Fig235 Leader exhibiting winter kill symptoms. red belt 118 Leader exhibiting winter kill symptoms. PFC FHN CFS 0 2164 Fig236 Affected foliage is discoloured red belt 118 Affected foliage is discoloured but remains undistorted. PFC FHN CFS 0 2165 Fig237 Detail of drought stress symptoms on needles. drought 119 Detail of drought stress symptoms on needles. PFC FHN CFS 0 2166 Fig238 Symptoms move from crown top down drought 119 Symptoms move from crown top down and from branch tips inward. PFC FHN CFS 0 2167 Fig239 Foliage discolouration drought 119 Foliage discolouration and necrosis caused by drought. PFC FHN CFS 0 1952 Fig24 Larvae are relatively small Pine Needle Sheathminer 96 Pine needle sheathminer larvae are relatively small and tan-coloured. PFC FHN CFS 0 2168 Fig240 Mortality in a young stand drought 119 Mortality in a young stand due to prolonged drought. Immature trees are generally more susceptible to damage. PFC FHN CFS 0 2169 Fig241 Coppery red bark Sunscald 120 Coppery red bark of an immature Douglas-fir affected by sunscald. E. Chattelle CFS 0 2170 Fig242 Necrotic lesion caused by sunscald. Sunscald 120 Necrotic lesion caused by sunscald. E. Chattelle CFS 0 2171 Fig243 Sunscald-killed Douglas-fir. Sunscald 120 "Sunscald-killed Douglas-fir. Damage may be more frequent along perimeter of dry, exposed sites.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2172 Fig244 Dead foliage 121 Dead foliage on branchlets of western redcedar. PFC FHN CFS 0 2173 Fig245 Trees showing road salt damage. Salt 122 Trees showing road salt damage. R. Erickson CFS 0 2174 Fig246 "Stunted, bushy growth of Sitka spruce" Deer 71 "Stunted, bushy growth of Sitka spruce resulting from repeated browsing." PFC FHN CFS 0 2175 Fig247 Peeling of bark from seedling Deer 71 Peeling of bark from seedling by the upward scraping of incisors. T Sullivan 1997 0 2176 Fig248 Deer browsing of Douglas-fir seedling. Deer 71 Deer browsing of Douglas-fir seedling. T Sullivan 1997 0 2177 Fig249 Girdling of branches by red squirrel. Tamiasciuris hudsonicus Red Squirrel 73 Girdling of branches by red squirrel. Chewed surface of sapwood is smooth PFC FHN CFS 0 1953 Fig25 Fading of current year's foliage Pine Needle Sheathminer 96 Fading of current year's foliage due to attack by pine needle sheathminer. PFC FHN CFS 0 2178 Fig250 Squirrels often gnaw patches of bark Tamiasciuris hudsonicus Red Squirrel 73 Squirrels often gnaw patches of bark near tree bases. PFC FHN CFS 0 2179 Fig251 Discoloured branch tips Tamiasciuris hudsonicus Red Squirrel 73 Discoloured branch tips damaged during feeding. PFC FHN CFS 0 2180 Fig252 Damage to lateral shoots Tamiasciuris hudsonicus Red Squirrel 73 Damage to lateral shoots from activity in upper crown. PFC FHN CFS 0 2181 Fig253 "Ragged, exposed sapwood" Hare 72 """Ragged, exposed sapwood caused by hare feeding.""" T Sullivan 0 2182 Fig254 Seedling leader clipped by a hare. Hare 72 Seedling leader clipped by a hare. T Sullivan 1997 0 2183 Fig255 Mortality due to stem girdling. Hare 72 Mortality due to stem girdling. PFC FHN CFS 0 2184 Fig256 Plantation damage Microtus sp. Vole 70 Plantation damage resulting from extensive vole activity. PFC FHN CFS 0 2185 Fig257 Clipping of terminal and lateral shoots Microtus sp. Vole 70 Clipping of terminal and lateral shoots of lodgepole pine seedling by voles. T Sullivan 1997 0 2186 Fig258 Sapling completely debarked by voles. Microtus sp. Vole 70 Sapling completely debarked by voles. T Sullivan 0 2187 Fig259 Surface runway of voles. Microtus sp. Vole 70 Surface runway of voles. T Sullivan 1997 0 1954 Fig26 "Frass, webbing, and necrotic needles" Pine Needle Sheathminer 96 """Frass, webbing, and necrotic needles resulting from attack by pine needle sheathminer.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2188 Fig260 Damage to lodgepole pine Cattle 114 Damage to lodgepole pine by cattle rubbing. T Sullivan 1997 0 2189 Fig261 Cattle rubbing Cattle 114 Damage to lodgepole pine by cattle rubbing. T Sullivan 1997 0 2190 Fig262 Stem girdling Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 Stem girdling on larch due to porcupine feeding. PFC FHN CFS 0 2191 Fig263 Porcupine teeth marks Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 Porcupine teeth marks left in sapwood. PFC FHN CFS 0 2192 Fig264 Top kill resulting from upper stem girdling. Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 Top kill resulting from upper stem girdling. PFC FHN CFS 0 2193 Fig265 Scattered mortality from bear damage. Black Bear 115 Scattered mortality from bear damage. PFC FHN CFS 0 2194 Fig266 Bears remove large strips of bark Black Bear 115 Bears remove large strips of bark from lower bole and leave vertical grooves in the sapwood. PFC FHN CFS 0 2195 Fig267 Ambermarked birch leafminer larva. Ambermarked birch leafminer 125 Ambermarked birch leafminer larva. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2196 Fig268 Birch leafminer larva. Ambermarked birch leafminer 125 Birch leafminer larva. NFC CFS 0 2197 Fig269 White birch leaf mined by leafminers. Ambermarked birch leafminer 125 White birch leaf mined by leafminers. PFC FHN CFS 0 1955 Fig27 Mined needles and cigar-shaped case larch casebearer 97 Mined needles and cigar-shaped case of mature larch casebearer larvae. PFC FHN CFS 0 2198 Fig270 Egg punctures Ambermarked birch leafminer 125 Egg punctures in birch leaf by ambermarked birch leafminer. NFC CFS 0 2199 Fig271 Severe damage Ambermarked birch leafminer 125 Severe damage caused by ambermarked birch leafminer. NFC CFS 0 2200 Fig272 Ambermarked birch leafminer Ambermarked birch leafminer 125 Ambermarked birch leafminer mines in white birch leaves. PFC FHN CFS 0 2201 Fig273 Leaf mined by birch leafminer. Ambermarked birch leafminer 125 Leaf mined by birch leafminer. NFC CFS 0 2202 Fig274 Aspen skeletonizer larvae Aspen skeletonizer 127 Aspen skeletonizer larvae and feeding damage. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2203 Fig275 Adult cottonwood leaf beetle. Cottonwood leaf beetle 127 Adult cottonwood leaf beetle. NFC CFS 0 2204 Fig276 Cottonwood leaf beetle larva. Cottonwood leaf beetle 127 Cottonwood leaf beetle larva. NFC CFS 0 2205 Fig277 Cottonwood leaf beetle larvae feeding on leaf. Cottonwood leaf beetle 127 Cottonwood leaf beetle larvae feeding on leaf. NFC CFS 0 2206 Fig278 Cottonwood leaf beetle eggs. Cottonwood leaf beetle 127 Cottonwood leaf beetle eggs. NFC CFS 0 2207 Fig279 Adult male bruce spanworms. Bruce spanworm 130 Adult male bruce spanworms. PFC Insectary CFS 0 1956 Fig28 Straw-coloured foliage larch casebearer 97 Straw-coloured foliage of larch attacked by larch casebearer PFC FHN CFS 0 2208 Fig280 Adult winter moths Winter moth 131 "Adult winter moths (male above, females below)." PFC Insectary CFS 0 2209 Fig281 Light-coloured bruce spanworm larva. Bruce spanworm 130 Light-coloured bruce spanworm larva. NFC CFS 0 2210 Fig282 Winter moth larva. Winter moth 131 Winter moth larva. PFC FHN CFS 0 2211 Fig283 Bruce spanworm eggs. Bruce spanworm 130 Bruce spanworm eggs. NFC CFS 0 2212 Fig284 Trees defoliated by bruce spanworm. Bruce spanworm 130 Trees defoliated by bruce spanworm. Note webbing on understory vegetation. NFC CFS 0 2213 Fig285 Damage caused by bruce spanworm. Bruce spanworm 130 Damage caused by bruce spanworm. PFC FHN CFS 0 2214 Fig286 Cottonwood sawfly larva on leaf. Cottonwood sawfly 132 Cottonwood sawfly larva on leaf. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2215 Fig287 Hybrid poplars defoliated Cottonwood sawfly 132 Hybrid poplars defoliated by cottonwood sawfly. PFC FHN CFS 0 2216 Fig288 Adult fall webworm and larva. Hyphantria cunea Fall webworm 133 Adult fall webworm and larva. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2217 Fig289 Fall webworm nests Hyphantria cunea Fall webworm 133 Fall webworm nests on walnut. Note enclosed foliage. PFC FHN CFS 0 1957 Fig29 Defoliation of new foliage larch casebearer 97 Defoliation of new foliage by larch casebearer. larva. PFC FHN CFS 0 2218 Fig290 Fall webworm larva. Hyphantria cunea Fall webworm 133 Fall webworm larva. PFC FHN CFS 0 2219 Fig291 Adult forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Adult forest tent caterpillar. PFC FHN CFS 0 2220 Fig292 Forest tent caterpillar larva on bur oak. Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Forest tent caterpillar larva on bur oak. RB Dickens 0 2221 Fig293 Trees defoliated by forest tent caterpillar. Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Trees defoliated by forest tent caterpillar. R Hodgkinson MOF 0 2222 Fig294 Forest tent caterpillar eggs Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Forest tent caterpillar eggs. Note foam cover was removed to expose eggs. R Hodgkinson MOF 0 2223 Fig295 Forest tent caterpillar cocoon on aspen Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Forest tent caterpillar cocoon on aspen RB Dickens 0 2224 Fig296 Adult large aspen tortrix. Large Aspen Tortrix 135 Adult large aspen tortrix. NFC CFS 0 2225 Fig297 Large aspen tortrix larva. Large Aspen Tortrix 135 Large aspen tortrix larva. NFC CFS 0 2226 Fig298 Egg mass on hybrid poplar leaf. Large Aspen Tortrix 135 Egg mass on hybrid poplar leaf. NFC CFS 0 2227 Fig299 Empty pupal cases Large Aspen Tortrix 135 Empty pupal cases protruding from webbed leaves. NFC CFS 0 1931 Fig3 2-year-cycle budworm pupa Two-yr Cycle Budworm 94 2-year-cycle budworm pupa M. Gardinar AgCan 0 1958 Fig30 Rectangular case larch casebearer 97 Rectangular case of immature larch casebearer PFC FHN CFS 0 2228 Fig300 Aspen leaves webbed together Large Aspen Tortrix 135 Aspen leaves webbed together by large aspen tortrix. NFC CFS 0 2229 Fig301 Defoliation by large aspen tortrix. Large Aspen Tortrix 135 Defoliation by large aspen tortrix. Note webbing on understory vegetation. NFC CFS 0 2230 Fig302 Adult northern tent caterpillar. Northern Tent Caterpillar 136 Adult northern tent caterpillar. NFC CFS 0 2231 Fig303 Northern tent caterpillar larva Northern Tent Caterpillar 136 Northern tent caterpillar larva PFC FHN CFS 0 2232 Fig304 Northern tent caterpillar larvae on tent. Northern Tent Caterpillar 136 Northern tent caterpillar larvae on tent. PFC FHN CFS 0 2233 Fig305 Adult satin moth and larva. Satin Moth 137 Adult satin moth and larva. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2234 Fig306 Satin moth larva. Satin Moth 137 Satin moth larva. PFC FHN CFS 0 2235 Fig307 Severe defoliation caused by satin moth. Satin Moth 137 Severe defoliation caused by satin moth. PFC FHN CFS 0 2236 Fig308 Satin moth egg mass. Satin Moth 137 Satin moth egg mass. Note white secretion was removed to expose the eggs. PFC FHN CFS 0 2237 Fig309 Satin moth larva and feeding damage. Satin Moth 137 Satin moth larva and feeding damage. Kamloops FD 0 1959 Fig31 Late instar larva Western false hemlock looper 98 Late instar larva of western false hemlock looper. Note square head and alternating dark and light stripes. PFC FHN CFS 0 2238 Fig310 Striped alder sawfly larvae Striped Alder Sawfly 138 "Striped alder sawfly larvae, feeding on leaf." PFC Insectary CFS 0 2239 Fig311 Adult male western winter moth and larva. Western Winter Moth 139 Adult male western winter moth and larva. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2240 Fig312 Wingless adult female western winter moth. Western Winter Moth 139 Wingless adult female western winter moth. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2241 Fig313 Western winter moth larvae feeding Western Winter Moth 139 Western winter moth larvae feeding on vine maple. PFC FHN CFS 0 2242 Fig314 Damage caused by western winter moth Western Winter Moth 139 Damage caused by western winter moth larvae. PFC FHN CFS 0 2243 Fig315 Bigleaf maple defoliated Western Winter Moth 139 Bigleaf maple defoliated by western winter moth. PFC FHN CFS 0 2244 Fig316 Woolly alder sawfly larva. Woolly alder sawfly 140 Woolly alder sawfly larva. PFC FHN CFS 0 2245 Fig317 Damage caused by woolly alder sawfly. Woolly alder sawfly 140 Damage caused by woolly alder sawfly. PFC FHN CFS 0 2246 Fig318 Adult bronze birch bore Bronze Birch Borer 141 Adult bronze birch borer. NFC CFS 0 2247 Fig319 Bronze birch borer larva. Bronze Birch Borer 141 Bronze birch borer larva. NFC CFS 0 1960 Fig32 New foliage of tree tops first affected Western false hemlock looper 98 Feeding by western false hemlock looper begins in new foliage of tree tops PFC FHN CFS 0 2248 Fig320 D-shaped adult emergence hole. Bronze Birch Borer 141 D-shaped adult emergence hole. NFC CFS 0 2249 Fig321 Tree attacked by bronze birch borer. Bronze Birch Borer 141 Tree attacked by bronze birch borer. NFC CFS 0 2250 Fig322 Bronze birch borer larval galleries. Bronze Birch Borer 141 Bronze birch borer larval galleries. NFC CFS 0 2251 Fig323 Bumps on bark Bronze Birch Borer 141 Bumps on bark caused by callused tissue growth over galleries. NFC CFS 0 2252 Fig324 Adult poplar borer. Poplar Borer 142 Adult poplar borer. PFC FHN CFS 0 2253 Fig325 Poplar borer larva. Poplar Borer 142 Poplar borer larva. NFC CFS 0 2254 Fig326 Poplar borer galleries Poplar Borer 142 Poplar borer galleries under trembling aspen bark. PFC FHN CFS 0 2255 Fig327 Poplar borer damage on aspen Poplar Borer 142 Poplar borer damage on aspen. Note resin flow staining the bark. PFC FHN CFS 0 2256 Fig328 Adult poplar and willow borer. Poplar and Willow Borer 143 Adult poplar and willow borer. NFC CFS 0 2257 Fig329 Poplar and willow borer larvae in willow stem. Poplar and Willow Borer 143 Poplar and willow borer larvae in willow stem. PFC FHN CFS 0 1961 Fig33 Gradually consume older foliage Western false hemlock looper 98 Western false hemlock looper larvae gradually consume older foliage further down the crown. R. Alfaro CFS 0 2258 Fig330 Crown symptoms Poplar and Willow Borer 143 Crown symptoms of trees damaged by poplar and willow borer PFC FHN CFS 0 2259 Fig331 Emergence holes on willow stem Poplar and Willow Borer 143 Poplar and willow borer emergence holes on willow stem. NFC CFS 0 2260 Fig332 Stem damaged by poplar and willow borer. Poplar and Willow Borer 143 Stem damaged by poplar and willow borer. S Mitchell UBC 0 2261 Fig333 Fruiting body Phellinus tremulae Aspen Trunk Rot 144 Fruiting body of Phellinus tremulae on aspen. RB Dickens 0 2262 Fig334 Sterile fruiting bodies on aspen trees. Phellinus tremulae Aspen Trunk Rot 144 Sterile fruiting bodies on aspen trees. E. Allen CFS 0 2263 Fig335 Advanced decay Phellinus tremulae Aspen Trunk Rot 144 Cross-sectional and longitudinal view of advanced decay in trembling aspen caused by Phellinus tremulae. E. Allen CFS 0 2264 Fig336 Fruiting body Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 Fruiting body of Phellinus igniarius on birch stem. E. Allen CFS 0 2265 Fig337 Phelllinus igniarius fruiting body. Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 Phelllinus igniarius fruiting body. Kamloops FD 0 2266 Fig338 Fruiting bodies of Fomes fomentarius Fomes fomentarius White Spongy Trunk Rot 146 Fruiting bodies of Fomes fomentarius on birch stem. E. Allen CFS 0 2267 Fig339 "Cross-section of fruiting body," Fomes fomentarius White Spongy Trunk Rot 146 "Cross-section of fruiting body, illustrating the brown context.""" E. Allen CFS 0 1962 Fig34 Note intricate pattern of markings. Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 Mature larva of western hemlock looper on larch. Note intricate pattern of markings. PFC FHN CFS 0 2268 Fig340 Fruiting body Ganoderma applanatum White Mottled Rot 147 Fruiting body of Ganoderma applanatum on black cottonwood T White 0 2269 Fig341 Late stages of decay Ganoderma applanatum White Mottled Rot 147 Late stages of decay caused by Ganoderma applanatum. E. Allen CFS 0 2270 Fig342 Fruiting body of Piptoporus betulinus Piptoporus betulinus Brown cubical rot of birch 148 Fruiting body of Piptoporus betulinus on a standing dead birch stem. Note curved-in cap margin. E. Allen CFS 0 2271 Fig343 An older Piptoporus betulinus fruiting body Piptoporus betulinus Brown cubical rot of birch 148 "An older Piptoporus betulinus fruiting body on a fallen birch stem. Note dark brown, scaly appearance.""" E. Allen CFS 0 2272 Fig344 Large sterile conk Inonotus obliquus Sterile Trunk Rot of Birch 149 Large sterile conk of Inonotus obliquus on paper birch. E. Allen CFS 0 2273 Fig345 Internal tissue of a sterile fruiting body Inonotus obliquus Sterile Trunk Rot of Birch 149 Internal tissue of a sterile fruiting body (light brown to reddish colour) on birch. E. Allen CFS 0 2274 Fig346 Elongated black cankers Enocilie pruinosa Sooty Bark Canker 150 Elongated black cankers of Encoelia pruinosa on mature trembling aspen. B. Callen CFS 0 2275 Fig347 "Grey, cup-shaped fruiting bodies" Enocilie pruinosa Sooty Bark Canker 150 "Grey, cup-shaped fruiting bodies of Encoelia pruinosa.""" B. Callen CFS 0 2276 Fig348 Canker Cytospora chrysosperma 151 Canker caused by Valsa sordida on trembling aspen. PFC FHN CFS 0 2277 Fig349 Orange-red spore tendrils Cytospora chrysosperma 151 Orange-red spore tendrils of Cytospora chrysosperma on trembling aspen. E. Allen CFS 0 1963 Fig35 Begins feeding on current growth Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 Western hemlock looper usually begins feeding on current growth in late spring. NE Alexander 0 2278 Fig350 V. populina on hybrid poplar. Venturia 152 V. populina on hybrid poplar. Note the blackened dead tissue forming a sheperd's crook. B. Callen CFS 0 2279 Fig351 Defoliation damage Venturia 152 Defoliation damage of aspen caused by Venturia spp. RB Dickens 0 2280 Fig352 Leaf spots on hybrid poplar Marssonina leaf blight 153 Leaf spots on hybrid poplar caused by Marssonina leaf blight (M. brunnea). Note the speckled appearance of the leaf. B. Callen CFS 0 2281 Fig353 Further development of leaf spots Marssonina leaf blight 153 Further development of leaf spots on hybrid poplar caused by Marssonina leaf blight (M. populi). Note spots have coalesced to cover almost the entire leaf. B. Callen CFS 0 2282 Fig354 Yellow spots on black cottonwood leaf cottonwood rust 154 Yellow spots on black cottonwood leaf caused by cottonwood rust. NFC CFS 0 2283 Fig355 Cottonwood rust cushion-like structures cottonwood rust 154 Cottonwood rust cushion-like structures (uredinia) on underside of black cottonwood leaf. R Reich MOF 0 2284 Fig356 Douglas-fir infected with cottonwood rust. cottonwood rust 154 Alternate host (Douglas-fir) infected with cottonwood rust. R. Erickson CFS 0 2285 Fig357 Black stromata on diseased leaf. linospora leaf blotch 155 Black stromata on diseased leaf. E. Allen CFS 0 2286 Fig358 Brown blotches with feathery margins linospora leaf blotch 155 Brown blotches with feathery margins caused by linospora leaf blotch. B. Callen CFS 0 2287 Fig359 Round leaf spots on hybrid poplar septoria leaf spot 156 Round leaf spots on hybrid poplar caused by septoria leaf spot (Mycosphaerella populicola). B. Callen CFS 0 1964 Fig36 Wasteful feeding habit Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 Detail showing wasteful feeding habit of western hemlock looper NE Alexander 0 2288 Fig360 Septoria leaf spot fruiting body septoria leaf spot 156 Septoria leaf spot fruiting body with spore tendrils. B. Callen CFS 0 2289 Fig361 Mycelial fans of armillaria Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Mycelial fans of armillaria (A. sinapina) on trembling aspen. B. Callen CFS 0 2291 Fig363 Crown symptoms caused by armillaria. Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Aspen trees expressing crown symptoms caused by armillaria. Kamloops FD 0 2292 Fig364 Young and old A. ostoyae Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Young and old A. ostoyae fruiting bodies. Note curved cap of younger fruiting bodies. D Morrison CFS 0 2294 Fig366 Wind damage to aspen. Wind 157 Wind damage to aspen. D. Cheyne Slocan FP 0 2295 Fig367 Wind damage to black cottonwood. Wind 157 Wind damage to black cottonwood. J Knapp & S Mitchell 0 2296 Fig368 Trees snapped from wind. Wind 157 Trees snapped from wind. Kamloops FD 0 2297 Fig369 Pattern of fallen trees from wind direction. Wind 157 Pattern of fallen trees from wind direction. R Turnquist CFS 0 2298 Fig370 Tree has collapsed under weight of snow. snow 117 Tree has collapsed under weight of snow. S Pollard 0 2299 Fig371 Snapped branch from weight of ice. snow 117 Snapped branch from weight of ice. S Pollard 0 2300 Fig372 Snow damage to aspen. snow 117 Snow damage to aspen. PFC FHN CFS 0 2301 Fig373 Frost damage on Cottonwood leaves Frost 116 Black cottonwood leaves puckered from frost. PFC FHN CFS 0 2302 Fig374 Frost canker. Frost 116 Frost canker. NFC CFS 0 2303 Fig375 Discoloured cambium from frost. Frost 116 Discoloured cambium from frost. NFC CFS 0 2304 Fig376 Frost crack on aspen. Frost 116 Frost crack on aspen. Kamloops FD 0 2305 Fig377 Bud damage from frost. Frost 116 Bud damage from frost. NFC CFS 0 2306 Fig378 Blackened bark Fire 158 Blackened bark and crown symptoms from fire. D Piggen MOF 0 2307 Fig379 Sunscald on alder leaves. Sunscald 120 Sunscald on alder leaves. PFC FHN CFS 0 2308 Fig380 redheart in alder tree. Redheart 159 Longitudinal cross-section of redheart in alder tree. E. Allen CFS 0 2309 Fig381 Decay in alder Redheart 159 Cross-section of decay in alder caused by redheart. E. Allen CFS 0 2310 Fig382 Moose damage to aspen. Moose 71 Moose damage to aspen. Note verticle teeth marks on bark. PFC FHN CFS 0 2311 Fig383 "Square, ragged ends" Deer 71 "Square, ragged ends of shoots characteristic of deer, elk, and moose." A Harested et al 1986 0 2312 Fig384 Moose damage to birch Moose 71 Moose damage to birch RB Dickens 0 2313 Fig385 Deer tracks and droppings Deer 71 Deer tracks and droppings A Harested et al 1986 0 2314 Fig386 Elk tracks and droppings. Elk 71 Elk tracks and droppings. A Harested et al 1986 0 2315 Fig387 Moose tracks and droppings. Moose 71 Moose tracks and droppings. A Harested et al 1986 0 2316 Fig388 Damage caused by cattle rubbing. Cattle 114 """Damage caused by cattle rubbing. Note sparse understory from grazing, trampling, and soil compaction.""" PFC FHN CFS 0 2317 Fig389 Hare damage to alder. Hare 72 Hare damage to alder. Note ragged appearance. RB Dickens 0 1967 Fig39 Conifer seedling defoliated Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Conifer seedling defoliated by black army cutworm. PFC FHN CFS 0 2318 Fig390 "Sheer, knifelike, oblique cut" Hare 72 """Sheer, knifelike, oblique cut characteristic of hares, rabbits, pikas, and rodents.""" A Harested et al 1986 0 2319 Fig391 Winter damage Hare 72 Winter damage appearing higher up the stem then expected. NFC CFS 0 2320 Fig392 Snowshoe hare droppings. Hare 72 Snowshoe hare droppings. A Harested et al 1986 0 2321 Fig393 Vole damage to willow. Microtus sp. Vole 70 Vole damage to willow. T Sullivan 0 2322 Fig394 Apple tree girdled by vole. Microtus sp. Vole 70 Apple tree girdled by vole. T Sullivan 0 2323 Fig395 Vole droppings. Microtus sp. Vole 70 Vole droppings. A Harested et al 1986 0 2324 Fig396 Beaver damage to aspen. Castor canadensis Beaver 160 Beaver damage to aspen. PFC FHN CFS 0 2325 Fig397 Beaver damage. Note wood chips left behind. Castor canadensis Beaver 160 Beaver damage. Note wood chips left behind. RB Dickens 0 1932 Fig4 Egg mass after hatching. Two-yr Cycle Budworm 94 2-year-cycle budworm egg mass after hatching. M. Gardinar AgCan 0 1968 Fig40 Feeding on herbaceous vegetation Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Black army cutworm feeding on herbaceous vegetation. PFC FHN CFS 0 1969 Fig41 Defoliation the previous year Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Current growth of spruce seedling after severe defoliation by black army cutworm the previous year. PFC FHN CFS 0 1970 Fig42 "Shortened, twisted needles" Triseticus mite 100 """Shortened, twisted needles due to trisetacus mite damage. """ PFC Insectary CFS 0 1971 Fig43 Adults without tufts Adelges piceae Balsam woolly adelgid 51 Balsam woolly adelgid adults without tufts. PFC FHN CFS 0 1976 Fig48 Non-tufted and tufted adelgids Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid 102 Non-tufted and tufted cooley spruce gall adelgids on Douglas-fir foliage. Note wool-like appearance of tufts. PFC FHN CFS 0 1977 Fig49 On Douglas-fir Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid 102 """On Douglas-fir, infestation by cooley spruce gall adelgid is characterized by white tufts from spring to fall.""" NE Alexander 0 1933 Fig5 Larva and webbing. Acleris gloverana Western blackheaded budworm 66 Mature western blackheaded budworm larva and webbing. R Shepherd CFS 0 1978 Fig50 New gall Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid 102 New gall (above) on spruce caused by cooley spruce gall adelgid. Old gall (below) is necrotic and brown. PFC FHN CFS 0 1979 Fig51 Cross-sectional difference Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid 102 Cross-sectional difference between cooley spruce gall adelgid (left) and Pineus. PFC Insectary CFS 0 1980 Fig52 Giant conifer aphid Giant conifer aphid 101 Giant conifer aphid nymphs and adults. PFC FHN CFS 0 1981 Fig53 Chlorosis due to feeding Giant conifer aphid 101 Chlorosis due to feeding by giant conifer aphid. PFC FHN CFS 0 1982 Fig54 Gregarious feeder Giant conifer aphid 101 Giant conifer aphid is a gregarious feeder. This large congregation is on spruce. K Finck CFS 0 1984 Fig56 Crown discolouration Elatobium abietinum Green spruce aphid 65 Crown discolouration resulting from green spruce aphid infestation. PFC FHN CFS 0 1986 Fig58 Severe needle drop Elatobium abietinum Green spruce aphid 65 Severe needle drop after attack by green spruce aphid. PFC FHN CFS 0 1934 Fig6 Partially consumed needle Acleris gloverana Western blackheaded budworm 66 Western blackheaded budworm only partially consumes needles. NE Alexander 0 1993 Fig65 Adult spruce beetle. Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Adult spruce beetle. PFC FHN CFS 0 [IBS] 1996 Fig68 Larvae. Note the anal shields. Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Larvae. Note the pair of anal shields. PFC FHN CFS 0 [IBS] 1997 Fig69 Larva in gallery. Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Larva in gallery. PFC FHN CFS 0 1935 Fig7 Hemlock stand defoliated Acleris gloverana Western blackheaded budworm 66 Hemlock stand defoliated by western blackheaded budworm. PFC FHN CFS 0 2001 Fig73 Boring dust can be found in crevices Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Boring dust can be found in crevices at the base of the tree. Hagle 1987 0 2002 Fig74 Adult. Dryoceotes confusus Western balsam bark beetle 50 Adult. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2003 Fig75 Larva. Dryoceotes confusus Western balsam bark beetle 50 Larva. PFC Insectary CFS 0 2005 Fig77 Egg and larval galleries. Dryoceotes confusus Western balsam bark beetle 50 Egg and larval galleries. PFC FHN CFS 0 2006 Fig78 Larvae. 103 Larvae. PFC FHN CFS 0 2007 Fig79 Egg and larval galleries 103 Egg and larval galleries are usually packed with dust. PFC FHN CFS 0 1937 Fig8 Defoliates the upper crown first Acleris gloverana Western blackheaded budworm 66 Western blackheaded budworm often defoliates the upper crown first PFC FHN CFS 0 2008 Fig80 Killed ponderosa pine. 103 Killed ponderosa pine. MOF 0 2009 Fig81 Adult. Pine Engraver 104 Adult. Note: rear concave depression lined with spines PFC FHN CFS 0 2010 Fig82 Egg and larval galleries Pine Engraver 104 Egg and larval galleries. Larval galleries radiate from the central nuptial chamber. No frass is present. PFC FHN CFS 0 2011 Fig83 Larvae brood Pine Engraver 104 Larvae brood in a lodgepole pine tree. Ips galleries tend to contain multiple generations. PFC FHN CFS 0 2012 Fig84 Hylurgops adult and larva. Hylurgops 105 Hylurgops adult and larva. T. Ebata MOF 0 2013 Fig85 Distribution of galleries on tree. Hylurgops 105 Distribution of galleries on tree. T. Ebata MOF 0 2014 Fig86 Shape of gallery. Hylurgops 105 Shape of gallery. T. Ebata MOF 0 2015 Fig87 Beetle galleries at the root collar. Hylurgops 105 Beetle galleries at the root collar. T. Ebata MOF 0 2016 Fig88 Larval feeding in bark Hylurgops 105 Larval feeding in bark. T. Ebata MOF 0 2017 Fig89 Lodgepole pine stand damage Hylurgops 105 Lodgepole pine stand damage by the hylurgops beetle. L Maclauchlan MOF 0 1936 Fig9 Budworm initially feeds on current foliage Acleris gloverana Western blackheaded budworm 66 Western blackheaded budworm initially feeds on current foliage PFC FHN CFS 0 2018 Fig90 Larval galleries. Hylurgops 105 Larval galleries. L Maclauchlan MOF 0 2019 Fig91 Twig beetle boring dust Twig beetle 106 Twig beetle boring dust can be found at entrance holes and caught at the base of the tree or branches. L Maclauchlan MOF 0 2020 Fig92 Egg gallery scoring the sapwood Twig beetle 106 Egg gallery scoring the sapwood and inner bark. L Maclauchlan MOF 0 2021 Fig93 Twig beetle galleries. Twig beetle 106 Twig beetle galleries. J Holt 0 2022 Fig94 Top kill and tree mortality fir engraver beetle. 107 Top kill and tree mortality caused by fir engraver beetle. Hagle 1987 0 2023 Fig95 Egg and larval gallery pattern. fir engraver beetle. 107 Egg and larval gallery pattern. Hagle 1987 0 2024 Fig96 "Large, reddish-brown pitch tubes" Dendroctonus valens Red turpentine beetle 108 """Large, reddish-brown pitch tubes showing attack sites. Attacks are usually confined to lower 1 m of bole.""" Hagle 1987 0 2025 Fig97 Fan-shaped larval gallery pattern. Dendroctonus valens Red turpentine beetle 108 Fan-shaped larval gallery pattern. Hagle 1987 0 2026 Fig98 Lodgepole pine beetle larvae. Dendroctonus murryana Lodepole Pine Beetle 109 Lodgepole pine beetle larvae. Note the anal shields. PFC FHN CFS 0 2027 Fig99 Egg and larval galleries Dendroctonus murryana Lodepole Pine Beetle 109 Lodgepole pine beetle egg and larval galleries. Note: larval galleries may run together and become indistinct. PFC FHN CFS 0 1924 hwdmt Distribution map Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Distribution of hemlock dwarf mistletoe in B.C. MOF 0 [DMH] 10000 lpb Gooey pitch tubes Dendroctonus murryanae Lodgepole pine beetle 109 Gooey pitch tubes on lower bole typify attack T. Ebata MOF 0 10001 lpbcloseup Closer view of pitch tubes and frass Dendroctonus murryanae Lodgepole pine beetle 109 Resinous frass and large pitch tubes on lower bole T. Ebata MOF 0 1925 lwdmt Distribution map Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Distribution of larch dwarf mistletoe in B.C. MOF 0 [DML] 1911 mpb Distribution map Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 Distribution of mountain pine beetle in B.C. MOF 0 [IBM] 115 Ntd1_01 Canker with spores 1232 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Aecial fruiting on main stem. Note diamond shape NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1361 TD1-1 130 Ntd1_03 Branch flagging 5490 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Stem canker and red flagging. Note copious resin flow. Excellent example NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1363 TD1-3 186 Ntd1_08 Pupal case 3288 Choristoneura occidentalis Western spruce budworm 54 Pupal case in webbed needles NE Alexander 0 [IDW] Tree Doctor slides 1368 TD1-8 197 Ntd1_09 Adults mating 4255 Choristoneura occidentalis Western spruce budworm 54 Light and dark phase adults mating NE Alexander 0 [IDW] Tree Doctor slides 1369 TD1-9 117 Ntd1_100 Basal cups 4860 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 """Basal cups The """"stumps"""" of aerial shoots Hemlock""" NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 1400 TD1-100 120 Ntd1_13 Stem swelling 4834 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Stem swelling Rolley Lake NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 1373 TD1-13 122 Ntd1_15 Aerial shoots 3628 Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Aerial shoots beside needle cluster NE Alexander 0 [DML] Tree Doctor slides 1375 TD1-15 124 Ntd1_24 Dense broom 4367 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe 42 Dense broom silhouetted against Okanagan Lake NE Alexander 0 [DMF] Tree Doctor slides 509 TD1-24 125 Ntd1_25 Dead top & heavy broom 672 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe 42 Spike top and huge basal broom Okanagan Lake NE Alexander 0 [DMF] Tree Doctor slides 511 TD1-25 128 Ntd1_28 Heavily broomed tree 740 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe 42 Dead and dying brooms Westside road Kelowna NE Alexander 0 [DMF] Tree Doctor slides 546 TD1-28 131 Ntd1_30 Aerial shoot 4628 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe 42 Close-up of aerial shoot NE Alexander 0 [DMF] Tree Doctor slides 573 TD1-30 132 Ntd1_31 Aerial shoot (male) 4591 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe 42 Single male flower - note pollen sacs. NE Alexander 0 [DMF] Tree Doctor slides 575 TD1-31 134 Ntd1_33 Aerial shoots 4269 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe 42 Aerial shoots NE Alexander 0 [DMF] Tree Doctor slides 606 TD1-33 135 Ntd1_34 Infected seedling 1261 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Aerial shoots and stem swelling on a seedling with red pen for scale Rolley Lake NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 632 TD1-34 143 Ntd1_41 stunted regen 2282 Adelges piceae Balsam woolly adelgid 51 Stunted regen with dead/dying top Can For Serv 0 [IAB] Tree Doctor slides 1221 TD1-41 144 Ntd1_42 Woolley stage in bark crevices 2459 Adelges piceae Balsam woolly adelgid 51 Woolley stage in bark crevices. Note the small size of the woolley tufts. NE Alexander 0 [IAB] Tree Doctor slides 1225 TD1-42 146 Ntd1_44 Typical defoliation 2273 Elatobium abietinum Green spruce aphid 65 Typical defoliation as it appears in the spring. Note brown needles last year's foliage NE Alexander 0 [IAS] Tree Doctor slides 1419 TD1-44 147 Ntd1_45 Heavy defoliation 2266 Elatobium abietinum Green spruce aphid 65 Heavy defoliation on stem. Also stunted growth. NE Alexander 0 [IAS] Tree Doctor slides 1420 TD1-45 148 Ntd1_46 New vs. old foliage 5570 Elatobium abietinum Green spruce aphid 65 Contrasting new foliage against old affected foliage. NE Alexander 0 [IAS] Tree Doctor slides 1421 TD1-46 149 Ntd1_47 Aphids 1652 Elatobium abietinum Green spruce aphid 65 Aphids on Sitka spruce needles several NE Alexander 0 [IAS] Tree Doctor slides 1422 TD1-47 154 Ntd1_51 Pupal case 1199 Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussuck moth 55 Pupal case at defoliated branch tip Flightless female will lay her eggs hereon NE Alexander 0 [IDT] Tree Doctor slides 1426 TD1-51 155 Ntd1_52 Defoliated leader 1464 Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussuck moth 55 Defoliated leader Kamloops Note silk webbing NE Alexander 0 [IDT] Tree Doctor slides 1427 TD1-52 156 Ntd1_53 Defoliation 3317 Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussuck moth 55 Defoliation - heaviest defoliation at the top. NE Alexander 0 [IDT] Tree Doctor slides 1428 TD1-53 160 Ntd1_57 Adult moth 401 Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussuck moth 55 Adult moth Unknown 0 [IDT] Tree Doctor slides 1432 TD1-57 161 Ntd1_58 Pupal cases 400 Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussuck moth 55 Pupal cases under branch Abbotsford 1969 NE Alexander 0 [IDT] Tree Doctor slides 1433 TD1-58 164 Ntd1_60 Defoliation 3279 Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussuck moth 55 Defoliation red branch tips NE Alexander 0 [IDT] Tree Doctor slides 1435 TD1-60 166 Ntd1_62 Black fruiting bodies 38 Atropellis piniphila Atropellis canker 74 Blue pen pointing to resinous surface of a canker Note the small black fruiting bodies (apothecia) Appearance of these fructifications will vary with season and moisture conditions NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1402 TD1-62 169 Ntd1_65 Single red tree Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Single red tree in regen Brooks Creek Closer examination will almost always show reinosous at base of stem NE Alexander 0 [DRA] Tree Doctor slides 1405 TD1-65 171 Ntd1_67 Single canker 3855 Atropellis piniphila Atropellis canker 74 Single canker These cankers are often mistakenly called scars NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1409 TD1-67 173 Ntd1_69 Felled aspen Castor canadensis Beaver 160 Felled aspen and stump Note flooding above the culvert which they had dammed NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1411 TD1-69 176 Ntd1_70 Aerial view - heavy infestation 4659 Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 Red valley of dead trees Vicinity of Elk Creek This intensity and extent is all too characteristic of infestations of this beetle NE Alexander 0 [IBM] Tree Doctor slides 1412 TD1-70 178 Ntd1_72 Dead top 1970 Adelges piceae Balsam woolley adelgid 51 Dead topped tree - significant top kill NE Alexander 0 [IAB] Tree Doctor slides 1414 TD1-72 179 Ntd1_73 Gout 1950 Adelges piceae Balsam woolley adelgid 51 Single large gout on twig NE Alexander 0 [IAB] Tree Doctor slides 1415 TD1-73 181 Ntd1_75 Gouted leader 2499 Adelges piceae Balsam woolley adelgid 51 Dead gouted leader NE Alexander 0 [IAB] Tree Doctor slides 1417 TD1-75 183 Ntd1_77 Stem attack 2458 Adelges piceae Balsam woolly adelgid 51 Stem attack very intense Seldom seen like this Grand fir Seymour Valley NE Alexander 0 [IAB] Tree Doctor slides 1176 TD1-77 185 Ntd1_79 Stem attack close-up 2457 Adelges piceae Balsam woolly adelgid 51 Stem attack close-up - Knife point (and moss) for scale NE Alexander 0 [IAB] Tree Doctor slides 1177 TD1-79 188 Ntd1_81 Fruiting on branch gall 5647 Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Fruiting on branch gall NE Alexander 0 [DSG] Tree Doctor slides 1381 TD1-81 189 Ntd1_82 Canker 4853 Atropellis piniphila Atropellis canker 74 Twisting canker against snow Pasayten River NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1382 TD1-82 190 Ntd1_83 Larvae 4656 Neodiprion sp Conifer sawfly 67 Larvae feeding on pine needles NE Alexander 0 [IDS] Tree Doctor slides 1383 TD1-83 192 Ntd1_85 Canker & flagging 5367 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Single flag and fruiting canker on stem NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1385 TD1-85 194 Ntd1_87 Brilliant crown discolouration 4195 Dryocoetes confusus Western balsam bark beetle Brilliant crown discolouration from ground Lussiter Creek NE Alexander 0 [IBB] Tree Doctor slides 1387 TD1-87 198 Ntd1_90 Fruiting bodies 4270 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Fruiting bodies on stem and branch NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1390 TD1-90 201 Ntd1_93 Deeply sunken canker 5328 Atropellis piniphila Atropellis canker 74 Deeply sunken canker on large stem NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1393 TD1-93 208 Ntd2_01 Broomed tree 5659 Arceuthobium americanum Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe 45 Broomed tree Manning Park NE Alexander 0 [DML] Tree Doctor slides 474 TD2-1 231 Ntd2_03 Yellow aerial shoots 1728 Arceuthobium americanum Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe 45 Yellow aerial shoots also Adelges NE Alexander 0 [DMP] Tree Doctor slides 424 TD2-3 253 Ntd2_05 aerial shoots on small fusiform swelling 3878 Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Cluster of aerial shoots on small fusiform swelling NE Alexander 0 [DML] Tree Doctor slides 618 TD2-5 264 Ntd2_06 Closeup of aerial shoots 4248 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Closeup of aerial shoots NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 712 TD2-6 296 Ntd2_09 Basal cups 633 Arceuthobium spp Dwarf mistletoe spp 47 Basal cups of A tsugense NE Alexander 0 [DMx] Tree Doctor slides 145 TD2-9 209 Ntd2_10 closeup of male flowers 638 Arceuthobium spp Dwarf mistletoe spp 42 "Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe, closeup of male flowers" Can For Serv 0 [DMx] Tree Doctor slides 154 TD2-10 210 Ntd2_100 Canker 928 Cronartium coleosporoides Stalactiform blister rust 46 Fruiting canker right at ground level NE Alexander 0 [DSS] Tree Doctor slides 1533 TD2-100 212 Ntd2_12 Seed 645 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Seed Showing radicle germinating NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 1451 TD2-12 217 Ntd2_17 Bright red crowns 7127 Dryocoetes confusus Western balsam bark beetle 50 Bright red crowns Canal Flats NE Alexander 0 [IBB] Tree Doctor slides 1456 TD2-17 222 Ntd2_21 Larvae 4143 Acleris gloverana Western blackheaded budworm 66 Larvae showing brown head and thoracic shield Can For Serv 0 [IDH] Tree Doctor slides 1459 TD2-21 224 Ntd2_23 Fresh seeds 5578 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Several fresh seeds on needles NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 1461 TD2-23 225 Ntd2_24 Tiny aerial shoots 1102 Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Tiny aerial shoots on branch NE Alexander 0 [DML] Tree Doctor slides 1462 TD2-24 227 Ntd2_26 Galleries under bark 33 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Galleries under bark - note pattern NE Alexander 0 [IBD] Tree Doctor slides 1464 TD2-26 228 Ntd2_27 Pitch exudations 2484 Dendroctonus valens Red turpentine beetle 108 Heavy pitch exudations at base of Py NE Alexander 0 [IBT] Tree Doctor slides 1465 TD2-27 232 Ntd2_30 Cankers 5925 Atropellis piniphilla Atropellis canker 74 Cankers in open stand NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1468 TD2-30 235 Ntd2_33 Stain Atropellis piniphilla Atropellis canker 74 Diagnostic black stain NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1471 TD2-33 238 Ntd2_36 Fruiting canker 2401 Cronartium comanrda Comandra blister rust 43 Close-up of stem fructifications NE Alexander 0 [DSC] Tree Doctor slides 1474 TD2-36 239 Ntd2_37 Old and new galls 3792 Adelges cooleyi Cooley spruce gall adelgid 102 "Old and new galls. New galls are green - purple and closed, later they brown and open to ""release"" the aphids (which then fly to Fd)" NE Alexander 0 [IAG] Tree Doctor slides 1475 TD2-37 243 Ntd2_40 Mature larva 1248 Orgyia pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussock moth 55 Mature larva on foliage NE Alexander 0 [IDT] Tree Doctor slides 1478 TD2-40 248 Ntd2_45 Typical pitch mass 4465 Synanthedon sequoia Sequoia pitch moth 112 Typical pitch mass NE Alexander 0 [ISQ] Tree Doctor slides 1483 TD2-45 251 Ntd2_48 New galls 4543 Adelges cooleyi Cooley spruce gall adelgid 102 Several new galls - note purplish colour NE Alexander 0 [IAG] Tree Doctor slides 1486 TD2-48 254 Ntd2_50 Frost crack hemlock 4609 na na 116 Frost crack hemlock Manning Park NE Alexander 0 [AFC] Tree Doctor slides 1488 TD2-50 255 Ntd2_51 Fusiform swelling 1151 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Small fusiform swelling on twig NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 1489 TD2-51 256 Ntd2_52 Aerial shoots 725 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock dwarf mistletoe 47 Very nice aerial shoots Hemlock NE Alexander 0 [DMH] Tree Doctor slides 772 TD2-52 257 Ntd2_53 Mushrooms 2643 Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Mushrooms clusterd at base of Cw Seymour Forest NE Alexander 0 [DRA] Tree Doctor slides 775 TD2-53 261 Ntd2_57 Distorted stem 190 Atropellis piniphilla Atropellis canker 74 Distorted stem behind canker NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1490 TD2-57 262 Ntd2_58 Resinous canker 4254 Atropellis piniphilla Atropellis canker 74 Resinous canker NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1491 TD2-58 263 Ntd2_59 Black stain behind canker 4631 Atropellis piniphilla Atropellis canker 74 Black stain behind canker NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1492 TD2-59 267 Ntd2_62 Resinous canker 186 Atropellis piniphilla Atropellis canker 74 Resinous canker NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1495 TD2-62 269 Ntd2_64 Off-center center of tree 191 Atropellis piniphilla Atropellis canker 74 Pin marking off-center center of tree NE Alexander 0 [DSA] Tree Doctor slides 1497 TD2-64 271 Ntd2_66 Bright yellow young broom 15 Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Spruce broom rust 80 Bright yellow young broom NE Alexander 0 [DBS] Tree Doctor slides 1499 TD2-66 272 Ntd2_67 Large broom 3799 Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Spruce broom rust 80 Large broom high in crown Manning Park NE Alexander 0 [DBS] Tree Doctor slides 1500 TD2-67 273 Ntd2_68 Yellow broom 3743 Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Spruce broom rust 80 Yellow broom on stem Alaska NE Alexander 0 [DBS] Tree Doctor slides 1501 TD2-68 275 Ntd2_70 Yellow needles at branch tip 4166 Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Spruce broom rust 80 Yellow needles at branch tip NE Alexander 0 [DBS] Tree Doctor slides 1503 TD2-70 277 Ntd2_72 Broom at tip of crown 3734 Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Spruce broom rust 80 Broom at tip of crown NE Alexander 0 [DBS] Tree Doctor slides 1505 TD2-72 284 Ntd2_79 Yellow regen tree 153 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Yellow regen tree Alice Lake NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1512 TD2-79 286 Ntd2_80 Bleeding canker 5370 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Bleeding canker close to ground NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1513 TD2-80 287 Ntd2_81 Fruiting on Ribes spp 1596 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Fruiting on Ribes spp NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1514 TD2-81 288 Ntd2_82 Fruiting breaking through bark 4802 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Fruiting breaking through bark NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1515 TD2-82 292 Ntd2_86 Rodent gnawing on canker 1568 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Rodent gnawing on canker NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1519 TD2-86 293 Ntd2_87 Typical dead top 155 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Typical dead top NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1520 TD2-87 297 Ntd2_90 Canker at stem branch juncture 3702 Cronartium ribicola White pine blister rust 49 Canker at stem branch juncture NE Alexander 0 [DSB] Tree Doctor slides 1523 TD2-90 301 Ntd2_94 Canker 2660 Cronartium coleosporoides Stalactiform blister rust Canker on stem 70 Mile House NE Alexander 0 [DSS] Tree Doctor slides 1527 TD2-94 302 Ntd2_95 Profuse fruiting canker 2679 Cronartium coleosporoides Stalactiform blister rust 46 Canker on branch with profuse fruiting 70 Mile House NE Alexander 0 [DSS] Tree Doctor slides 1528 TD2-95 305 Ntd2_98 Opening sporophores 2331 Cronartium coleosporoides Stalactiform blister rust 46 Opening sporophores on branch NE Alexander 0 [DSS] Tree Doctor slides 1531 TD2-98 306 Ntd2_99 Fruiting on stem 512 Cronartium coleosporoides Stalactiform blister rust 46 Fruiting on stem NE Alexander 0 [DSS] Tree Doctor slides 1532 TD2-99 308 Ntd3_10 Typical broom 4379 Elytroderma deformans Elytroderma disease 86 Typical broom NE Alexander 0 [DFE] Tree Doctor slides 1543 TD3-10 310 Ntd3_11 Gall showing fructifications 3750 Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Gall showing fructifications NE Alexander 0 [DSG] Tree Doctor slides 1544 TD3-11 311 Ntd3_12 Nice gall on small stem 166 Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Nice gall on small stem NE Alexander 0 [DSG] Tree Doctor slides 1545 TD3-12 313 Ntd3_14 Multiple galls 5814 Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Multiple galls on stem and branches NE Alexander 0 [DSG] Tree Doctor slides 1547 TD3-14 320 Ntd3_20 Old gall without sporophores 5455 Endocronartium harknessii Western gall rust 44 Old gall without sporophores NE Alexander 0 [DSG] Tree Doctor slides 1553 TD3-20 334 Ntd3_33 Sporophore lifted with duff 2666 Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Sporophore lifted with duff NE Alexander 0 [DRT] Tree Doctor slides 1566 TD3-33 335 Ntd3_34 Tree broken off at root crown 5377 Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Tree broken off at root crown NE Alexander 0 [DRT] Tree Doctor slides 1567 TD3-34 337 Ntd3_36 Infected tree 17 Chrysomyxa ledicola Large-spored spruce-labrador tea rust 82 Infected tree North-western Alberta NE Alexander 0 [DFC] Tree Doctor slides 1569 TD3-36 338 Ntd3_37 Infected needles at branch tip 4635 Chrysomyxa ledicola Large-spored spruce-labrador tea rust 82 Infected needles at branch tip NE Alexander 0 [DFC] Tree Doctor slides 1570 TD3-37 339 Ntd3_38 Three conks on stem 4223 Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 Three conks on stem NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1571 TD3-38 340 Ntd3_39 Single conk 3747 Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 Single conk NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1572 TD3-39 345 Ntd3_43 Single conk closer view 5304 Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 Single conk closer view NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1576 TD3-43 346 Ntd3_44 Decayed stem and conk below 7069 Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 Top view of decayed stem and conk below NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1577 TD3-44 347 Ntd3_45 Tree cut to expose decay and conk 7070 Phellinus igniarius Hardwood trunk rot 145 Tree cut to expose decay and conk NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1578 TD3-45 348 Ntd3_46 Typical root ball 7078 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Typical root ball Bench Road Chilliwack River NE Alexander 0 [DRL] Tree Doctor slides 1579 TD3-46 360 Ntd3_57 Old and new conks Piptoporus betulinus Brown cubical rot of birch 148 Old and new conks Clearwater NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1590 TD3-57 361 Ntd3_58 Distinctive pendulous conk Piptoporus betulinus Brown cubical rot of birch 148 Distinctive pendulous conk Clearwater NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1591 TD3-58 362 Ntd3_59 Many mushrooms on a single tree Piptoporus betulinus Brown cubical rot of birch 148 Many mushrooms on a single tree Clearwater NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1592 TD3-59 364 Ntd3_60 Hysterothecia on needles 339 Rhabdocline pseudotsugae Douglas-fir needle cast 89 Hysterothecia on needles NE Alexander 0 [DFR] Tree Doctor slides 1593 TD3-60 366 Ntd3_62 Light brown sporophores 5608 Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 Light brown sporophores on duff near burnt slash NE Alexander 0 [DRR] Tree Doctor slides 1595 TD3-62 367 Ntd3_63 Wiped out Pinus radiata plantation 5065 Scirrhia pini Red band needle disease 87 Don Collis standing in wiped out Pinus radiata plantation Kennedy Lake 1960'sNE Alexander NE Alexander 0 [DFS] Tree Doctor slides 1596 TD3-63 371 Ntd3_67 Colony at tip of branch Malacosoma californicum Western tent caterpillar 163 Colony at tip of branch Pemberton NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1600 TD3-67 372 Ntd3_68 Colony at tip of branch Malacosoma californicum Western tent caterpillar 163 Colony at tip of branch Pemberton NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1601 TD3-68 375 Ntd3_70 Club shaped colony Malacosoma californicum Western tent caterpillar 163 Club shaped colony Pemberton NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1603 TD3-70 376 Ntd3_71 Colony on web Malacosoma californicum Western tent caterpillar 163 Colony on web Pemberton NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1604 TD3-71 382 Ntd3_77 Defoliated branch tips Lophodermella concolor Pine needle cast 88 Defoliated branch tips NE Alexander 0 [DFL] Tree Doctor slides 1610 TD3-77 384 Ntd3_79 Yellowed regen tree 3618 Hylobius warreni Warren's root collar weevil 57 Yellowed regen tree Norman Lake RB Dickens 0 [IWW] Tree Doctor slides 1612 TD3-79 386 Ntd3_80 Heavy webbing on tree 3091 Hyphantria cunea Fall webworm 133 Heavy webbing on tree NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1613 TD3-80 387 Ntd3_81 Heavy webbing on branch 3092 Hyphantria cunea Fall webworm 133 Heavy webbing on branch NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1614 TD3-81 390 Ntd3_84 Cluster of larvae on hemlock branch 2836 Neodiprion sp Conifer sawfly 67 Cluster of larvae on hemlock branch NE Alexander 0 na Tree Doctor slides 1617 TD3-84 392 Ntd3_86 Defoliated stand 2781 Coleophora laricella Larch casebearer 97 Defoliated stand NE Alexander 0 IDC Tree Doctor slides 1619 TD3-86 393 Ntd3_87 Defoliated trees 2965 Coleophora needle bunches Larch casebearer 97 Defoliated trees NE Alexander 0 IDC Tree Doctor slides 1620 TD3-87 394 Ntd3_88 Defoliated needle bunches 4698 Coleophora laricella Larch casebearer 97 Defoliated needle bunches NE Alexander 0 IDC Tree Doctor slides 1621 TD3-88 400 Ntd3_93 Three egg masses on needles 4625 Choristoneura occidentalis Western spruce budworm 54 Three egg masses on needles Unknown 0 [IDW] Tree Doctor slides 1626 TD3-93 402 Ntd3_95 Pupa 393 Choristoneura occidentalis Western spruce budworm 54 Pupa Unknown 0 [IDW] Tree Doctor slides 1628 TD3-95 403 Ntd3_96 Larva 811 Choristoneura occidentalis Western spruce budworm 54 Larva showing thoracic shield & spots MOF 0 [IDW] Tree Doctor slides 1629 TD3-96 1252 PGFR_04 Moose incisor damage on alder Moose 71 Moose incisor damage on alder R. Hodgkinson 0 [AM] 1253 PGFR_05 Moose incisor damage on aspen Moose 71 Moose incisor damage on aspen R. Hodgkinson 0 [AM] 1254 PGFR_06 Black army cutworm damage Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 """Black army cutworm damage to newly-planted spruce (E. Twin area, Robson Valley District, 1978)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDA] 1255 PGFR_07 Black army cutworm defoliation Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 """Black army cutworm defoliation near Weedon Lk. PG District, 1984""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDA] 1256 PGFR_08 Larvae and pre-pupae Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Black army cutworm larvae and pre-pupae R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDA] 1257 PGFR_09 Black army cutworm Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 Black army cutworm larvae R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDA] 1258 PGFR_10 Defoliation by black army cutworm Actebia fennica Black Army Cutworm 56 """Black army cutworm defoliation near Weedon Lk. PG District, 1984""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDA] 1260 PGFR_12 Fall webworm Hyphantria cunae Fall Webworm 133 """Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea webbing (near Algonquin Park, Ontario)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [ID] 1261 PGFR_13 Alder leaf beetle Chrysomela scripta Alder Leaf Beetle 129 """Alder leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta defoliation (Robson Valley District, 1987)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [ID] 1263 PGFR_15 Young lodgepole pine killed Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 "Young lodgepole pine killed by Warrens collar weevil, Hylobius warreni" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IWW] 1265 PGFR_17 Porcupine damage Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 Porcupine damage to the base of lodgepole pine R. Hodgkinson 0 [AP] 1268 PGFR_20 Nymphs maturing Adelges cooleyi Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid 102 Adelges cooleyi nymphs maturing inside an infested spruce gall R. Hodgkinson 0 [IAG] 1269 PGFR_21 Blue stain fungi in spruce sapwood Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 Spruce beetle-vectored blue stan fungi in spruce sapwood R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1274 PGFR_26 Damage to spruce leader Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 "Spruce weevil damage to spruce leader at Red Rock, PG District, 1983" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IWS] 1275 PGFR_27 Spruce weevil damage Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 "Spruce weevil damage to spruce leader, Red Rock, PG District, 1983""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IWS] 1277 PGFR_29 Spruce beetle infestation Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 "Spruce beetle infestation (near Kerry Lake in PG District, 1996)" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1280 PGFR_32 Beetle attacked interior spruce Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 Technician inspecting spruce beetle attacked interior spruce R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1281 PGFR_33 Spruce beetle pupa Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 Spruce beetle pupa R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1282 PGFR_34 Fresh boring dust Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 Fresh boring dust from a spruce beetle attack R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1283 PGFR_35 New pitch tube Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 New pitch tube from a spruce beetle attack R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1284 PGFR_36 Spruce beetle 4th instar larvae Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 Spruce beetle 4th instar larvae R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1285 PGFR_37 2 spruce beetle egg galleries Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce Beetle 59 Two adjacent spruce beetle egg galleries with some larval galleries R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBS] 1286 PGFR_38 2-yr. Cycle budworm defoliation Choristoneura biennis Two-yr Cycle Budworm 94 2-yr. Cycle budworm defoliation to understory Subalpine Fir R. Hodgkinson 0 [ID] 1287 PGFR_39 Winter-kill Frost Frost 116 """Winter-kill of exposed spruce seedlings in Dawson Ck. District, 1989""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [NG] 1288 PGFR_40 Ips species attack Ips pini Pine Engraver 104 """Ips species attack above muddy high water mark on flood-stressed interior spruce (Ft. Nelson District, 1981)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBI] 1289 PGFR_41 Western spruce budworm defoliation Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 """Western spruce budworm defoliation on crowns of mature Douglas-fir (in the Fraser Canyon, 1977)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDW] 1290 PGFR_42 Heavy defoliation Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 """Heavy defoliation by western spruce budworm on Douglas-fir (north of Kamloops, 1988)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDW] 1291 PGFR_43 Defoliation of young Douglas-fir Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 """Defoliation of young Douglas-fir by western spruce budworm (north of Kamloops, 1988)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDW] 1292 PGFR_44 Defoliation Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 """Defoliation by the western hemlock looper (in the ICH along Hwy 16E, Robson Valley District, 1993)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDL] 1293 PGFR_45 Killed Douglas-fir Dendroctonus pseudotsuga Douglas-fir Beetle 52 """Douglas-fir beetle killed Douglas-fir (north of Ft. St. James District, 1989)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBD] 1294 PGFR_46 Forest tent caterpillar larvae Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 """Forest tent caterpillar larvae defoliating sitka alder (in PG district, 1989)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDF] 1296 PGFR_48 Defoliating trembling aspen Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 """Forest tent caterpillar larvae defoliating trembling aspen (in PG district, 1989)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDF] 1297 PGFR_49 Forest tent caterpillar larvae Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 """Forest tent caterpillar larvae defoliating trembling aspen (in PG district, 1989)""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDF] 1298 PGFR_50 Pupal webbing and excised pupa Malacosoma distria Forest Tent Caterpillar 134 Forest tent caterpillar pupal webbing and excised pupa R. Hodgkinson 0 [IDF] 1300 PGFR_52 Beetle kill - Nelson Region Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 """Mountain pine beetle killed lodgepole pine in the Nelson Region, 1985""" R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBM] 1301 PGFR_53 Egg gallery with larval galleries Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 Mountain pine beetle egg gallery with larval galleries R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBM] 1302 PGFR_54 Boring dust and frass Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain Pine Beetle 62 Boring dust and frass from a recent mountain pine beetle attacked lodgepole pine R. Hodgkinson 0 [IBM] 1926 pldmt Distribution map Arceuthobium americanum Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe 45 Distribution of lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe in B.C. MOF 0 [DMP] 1303 PRFR_01 Warrens collar weevil adult close up Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Adult Warrens collar weevil close up G. Pinkerton 0 [IWW] 1304 PRFR_02 Green striped forest looper Melanolophia imitata Green Striped Forest Looper 99 Green striped forest looper A. Woods 0 [IDG] 1305 PRFR_03 Spruce weevil chip cocoons Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Spruce weevil chip cocoons MOF 0 [IWS] 1306 PRFR_04 Weevils preparing to oviposit Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Adult spruce weevils on leader preparing to oviposit MOF 0 [IWS] 1309 PRFR_07 Porcupine damage of pole stage Hw Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 porcupine damage of pole stage Hw Prince Rupert PRFR 0 [AP] 1310 PRFR_08 Squirrel feeding on Pl Tamiasciuris hudsonicus Red Squirrel 73 squirrel feeding on Pl MOF 0 [AS] 1312 PRFR_10 Severe deer browse on 80 yr old Ss Deer 71 Severe deer browse on 80 yr old Ss. QCI PRFR 0 [AD] 1313 PRFR_11 Deer browsing Deer 71 Deer browsing MOF 0 [AM] 1314 PRFR_12 Spruce weevil chip cocoons Pissodes strobi White pine weevil 60 Spruce weevil chip cocoons MOF 0 [IWS] 1315 PRFR_13 porcupine damage on pole stage Hw Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 porcupine damage on pole stage Hw MOF 0 [AP] 1316 PRFR_14 green striped forest looper larva Melanolophia imitata Green Striped Forest Looper 99 green striped forest looper larva A. Woods 0 [IDG] 1318 PRFR_16 bark shavings Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine 69 bark shavings from porcupine feeding above on Hw T. Ebata 0 [AP] 1319 PRFR_17 vole feeding on Texada Island Microtus sp. Vole 70 vole feeding on Texada Island T. Ebata 0 [AV] 1320 PRFR_18 Vole feeding on Pl Microtus sp. Vole 70 Vole feeding on Pl T. Ebata 0 [AV] 1322 PRFR_20 squirrel feeding on Pl Tamiasciuris hudsonicus Red Squirrel 73 squirrel feeding on Pl MOF 0 [AS] 1324 PRFR_22 Adult Warrens collar weevil close up Hylobius warreni Warrens Collar Weevil 57 Adult Warrens collar weevil close up G. Pinkerton 0 [IWW] 1913 sb Distribution map Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Distribution of spruce beetle in B.C. MOF 0 [IBS] 697 Td1_01 Ectotrophic mycelia 891 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Ectotrophic mycelia (brown crusts) on root surface. One of the most useful diagnostic features of this fungus. N.E. Alexander 0 698 Td1_02 Very brown sporophore 1555 Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 Very brown sporophore under leaves. N.E. Alexander 0 699 Td1_03 Lateral view of sporophore 2634 Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 Lateral view of sporophore in duff layer. N.E. Alexander 0 700 Td1_04 """Longitudinal section of stump" 2642 Heterobasidion annosum Annosus root disease 33 """Longitudinal section of stump and tall portion of stem, showing stain and decay.""" Can. For. Serv. photo. 0 705 Td1_09 "Stain and decay,Douglas-fir" 4360 Heterobasidion annosum Annosus root disease 33 """Root crown and lower stem longitudinal section showing stain and decay,Douglas-fir, Campbell River.""" Can. For. Serv. photo. 0 709 Td1_13 Scattered red trees 4619 Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Scattered red trees in Douglas-fir regen at Tahsis. N.E. Alexander 0 715 Td1_19 Sporophores 5607 Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 """Two stakes positioned near sporophores, Seymour River.""" N.E. Alexander 0 718 Td1_22 Rotted off root 5682 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Rotted off root where the tree attempted to callus over the infection. N.E. Alexander 0 719 Td1_23 Uprooted tree 5683 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 "Uprooted tree, fallen away from camera." N.E. Alexander 0 725 Td1_29 Broken off Fd. 7010 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Broken off Fd. Closer view showing delamination failure N.E. Alexander 0 728 Td1_32 Side view of two good root balls. 7023 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Side view of two good root balls. N.E. Alexander 0 730 Td1_34 Infection centre 7025 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Infection centre with a tree standing in the middle. N.E. Alexander 0 732 Td1_36 Berries on female plant. 5507 Arceuthobium americanum Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe 45 Berries on female plant. N.E. Alexander 0 [DMP] 733 Td1_37 Laminated root rot root ball 3361 Phellinus weirii Laminated root rot 35 Classical example of laminated root rot root ball. Culliton Creek. N.E. Alexander Root 0 735 Td1_39 Two sporophores beside a stake. 713 Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 Two sporophores beside a stake. N.E. Alexander 0 740 Td1_44 Seeds on needles. Still quite moist. 4446 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock mistletoe 47 Seeds on needles. Still quite moist. Rolley Lake. N.E. Alexander 0 756 Td1_60 Aerial shoot 4520 Arceuthobium americanum Lodgepole pine mistletoe 45 "Aerial shoot appearing on 50+ year old Pl stem after stand opened up by mountain pine beetle attack. TFL9, CP824. 1974." N.E. Alexander 0 [DMP] 757 Td1_61 Cluster of sporophores Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Cluster of sporophores at base of Douglas-fir. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 759 Td1_63 Excavated root Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Excavated root crown showing mycelia. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 760 Td1_64 Closeup of mycelial fans Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Closeup of mycelial fans. Fd. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 761 Td1_65 Uprooted butt Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Uprooted butt showing mycelial fans. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 762 Td1_66 Chlorotic regen tree. Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Chlorotic regen tree. M.O.F. Provincial Archives 0 764 Td1_69 Dead and dying regen. Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Dead and dying regen. Host Bl. Sw green and fill planted Fd. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 771 Td1_76 Top view of sporophore Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Top view of sporophore against blue background. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 782 Td1_87 Cottony white mycelia Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Cottony white mycelia on fine Pl root. CD1. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 783 Td1_88 Decay in small Pl root Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 """Decay in small Pl root, coin for scale. CD2.""" M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 784 Td1_89 Decayed Fd root Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 """Longitudinal section of decayed Fd root. CD3. FD5, Teardrop. Fd.""" M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 789 Td1_94 Pitted decay Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 """Pitted decay. Willow R. July, '93. CD14.""" M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 790 Td1_95 Closeup of decay pitts. Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Closeup of decay pitts. CD20. Phellinus pini. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 799 Td2_104 Fresh decay in stump top. Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Fresh decay in stump top. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 804 Td2_109 Looking up at mature crown symptoms Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Looking up at mature crown symptoms in a stand. Pl. Coldstream. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 808 Td2_113 Severely decayed stump Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 """Severely decayed stump, showing pitted decay.Sw. Valemont Km10, May'92.""" M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 809 Td2_114 Decay in stump top. Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Decay in stump top. Sw. Vama Rd. July'93. M.O.F. Provincial Archives. 0 816 Td2_121 Fan and rhizomorphs. Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Fan and rhizomorphs. """Don Doidge, M.O.F., Cariboo Region.""" 0 818 Td2_123 Aerial view of a disease centre Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Aerial view of a disease centre near Horsefly Lake. """Don Doidge, M.O.F., Cariboo Region.""" 0 819 Td2_124 Mycelial fan. Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Mycelial fan. """Don Doidge, M.O.F., Cariboo Region.""" 0 827 Td2_132 Dying mature spruce. Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Dying mature spruce. """Don Doidge, M.O.F., Cariboo Region.""" 0 828 Td2_133 Infected root Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Infected root showing discolouration and pitting. """Don Doidge, M.O.F., Cariboo Region.""" 0 834 Td2_139 Crown symptoms in Douglas-fir. 5 Inonotus tomentosus Tomentosus root rot 37 Crown symptoms in Douglas-fir. """Dr. K. Lewis, U.N.B.C.""" 0 836 Td2_141 Discolouration in axed root. Fd. 7 Leptographium wageneri Blackstain root disease (Pl type) 40 Discolouration in axed root. Fd. """Dr. K. Lewis, U.N.B.C.""" 0 837 Td2_142 Vertical section of a fruiting body Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 Vertical section of a fruiting body (apothecium). F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 841 Td2_146 Fruiting body and dead seedling. Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 """Fruiting body and dead seedling. Corral F.D.R., Kispiox, Sept.'88.""" F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 842 Td2_147 Fruiting body beside dead seedling. Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 Fruiting body beside dead seedling. Nilkitkwa Road. Sept.'84. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 843 Td2_148 Large sporophore Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 """Large sporophore surrounding dead seedling. Corral FDR. Kispiox, Set.'88.""" F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 845 Td2_150 Dead cedar seedling Rhizina undulata Rhizina root disease 39 """Dead cedar seedling with sporophores. Pencil for scale. Skeena, Sept.'89.""" F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 851 Td2_156 Fd stump showing mycelial fans. Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 Douglas-fir stump showing mycelial fans. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 855 Td2_160 Rhizomorphs Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria root disease 34 """Rhizomorphs, Fd, Wickman Creek, '90.""" F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 857 Td2_162 Single red dead tree. Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 Single red dead tree. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBM] 864 Td2_169 Teneral adults. Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 Teneral adults. Carnaby. F.I.D.S.photo collection. 0 [IBM] 865 Td2_170 Bluestain showing in decked log. Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 Bluestain showing in decked log. Kelowna. F.I.D.S.photo collection. 0 [IBM] 872 Td2_177 Eggs along margin of egg gallery. Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 Eggs along margin of egg gallery. Rule for scale. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBM] 874 Td2_179 Larva Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 Excellent lateral view of a larva. Rule for scale. F.I.D.S.photo collection. 0 [IBM] 877 Td2_182 Aerial view of mortality Dendroctonus ponderosae Mountain pine beetle 62 """Aerial view of mortality, Belgo Creek""" F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBM] 884 Td2_189 Adult beetle Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Adult beetle. Typical of all the Dendroctonus beetles. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 889 Td2_194 Galleries and larvae. Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Galleries and larvae. Williams Lake. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 892 Td2_197 Boring dust caught in bark crevices Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Boring dust caught in bark crevices. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 894 Td2_199 Small patch of red dead trees Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 Small patch of red dead trees. Williams Lake. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 895 Td2_200 "Mortality, aerial view" Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 """Mortality, aerial view, D.N.D. block, Williams Lake.""" F.I.D.S. photo collection.. 0 898 Td3_03 Aerial view of mortality Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir beetle 52 """Aerial view of mortality around small lake, DND block, Williams Lake. 95/06/19.""" F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 899 Td3_04 Woodpecker flaked spruce tree. Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Woodpecker flaked spruce tree. Typical stand symptom. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 901 Td3_06 Lateral view of adult beetle. Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Lateral view of adult beetle. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 904 Td3_09 Larvae in gallery Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Larvae exposed in galleries. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 905 Td3_10 Trap logs Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 "Trap logs. Carp Lake Rd., July '80." F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 906 Td3_11 "Trap logs, felled partially in open" Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 "Trap logs, felled partially in open. Hodda Creek, July '90." F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 909 Td3_14 Aerial view of mortality. Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Aerial view of mortality. Note colouration. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 919 Td3_24 Extensive mortality Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 "Extensive mortality, West Williston Lake. July '91." F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 920 Td3_25 "Spruce beetle kill, Bowron River" Dendroctonus rufipennis Spruce beetle 59 Dead trees beside road. Bowron River. F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 [IBS] 925 Td3_30 Pitch tubes Dendroctonus valens Red turpentine beetle 108 """Pitch tubes at base of ponderosa pine. Fort Steele, 1994.""" F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 926 Td3_31 Heavy pitch tubes Dendroctonus valens Red turpentine beetle 108 """Heavy pitch tubes, right at ground level. Ponderosa pine. Fort Steele, 1994. """ F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 928 Td3_33 Pitch masses at base of Py Dendroctonus valens Red turpentine beetle 108 """Pitch masses at base of Py, Fort Steele, 1994. """ F.I.D.S. photo collection. 0 930 Td3_35 Galleries 301 Ips spp. Engraver beetle(s) 104 """Bark peeled from high stump to show galleries. TFL9, CP824.""" N.E. Alexander 0 [IBI] 984 Td3_40 Branch swelling next to stem. Arceuthobium laricis Larch dwarf mistletoe 48 Branch swelling next to stem. Note aerial shoots on main stem. N.E. Alexander 0 936 Td3_42 Gross stem swellings 4608 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock mistletoe 47 """Gross stem swellings on old western hemlock, Sasamat Lake. Note Ganoderma conk.""" N.E. Alexander 0 937 Td3_43 Seed on twig 1358 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock mistletoe 47 Seed on twig at base of needle. Rolley Lake. N.E. Alexander 0 938 Td3_44 Small swelling 1324 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock mistletoe 47 Small swelling on twig and aerial shoots. N.E. Alexander 0 950 Td3_56 Fusiform swelling 1185 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock mistletoe 47 A perfect example of a fusiform swelling on a branch. N.E. Alexander 0 951 Td3_57 An infected residual 1152 Arceuthobium tsugense Hemlock mistletoe 47 An infected residual left behind after clearcut logging. N.E. Alexander 0 954 Td3_60 Characteristic heavy broom. 4633 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir mistletoe 42 Characteristic heavy broom. Kelowna. N.E. Alexander 0 [DMF] 955 Td3_61 Systemic infections. 4599 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir mistletoe 42 Systemic infections. N.E. Alexander 0 [DMF] 960 Td3_66 Typical systemic aerial shoots. 4548 Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-fir mistletoe 42 Typical systemic aerial shoots. N.E. Alexander 0 [DMF] 963 Td3_69 Advanced decay 1551 Heterobasidion annosum Annosus root disease 33 Advanced decay showing characteristic black flecks. N.E. Alexander. . 0 1927 whl Distribution map Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Western Hemlock Looper 68 Distribution of western hemlock looper in B.C. MOF 0 [IDL] 1928 wsbw Distribution map Choristoneura occidentalis Western Spruce Budworm 54 Distribution of western spruce budworm in B.C. MOF 0 [IDW]